Imaging of infants and children with AIDS

Haney, PJ; Yale-Loehr, AJ; Nussbaum, A R; Gellad, Fouad

doi:10.2214/ajr.152.5.1033

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Other less common abnormalities demonstrated by cranial MRI and CT scan include hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic strokes, focal mass lesions, and decreased attenuation of periventricular white matter. 16,17,33,34 Our findings are similar to these reports and further substantiate improvement of neuroradiographic abnormalities in children with AIDS treated with antiretroviral therapy, though a much larger cohort of children with AIDS followed similarly would be required for statistical validation of these findings. 2,23,29,30 In summary, longitudinal MRI and CT brain scanning in this small cohort of children with AIDS on antiretroviral therapy demonstrates the following preliminary findings: ' .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Like the neurologic findings, neuropsychological dysfunction may demonstrate improvements on antiretroviral therapy, as seen in our patients. 22,29,30 Limited information is available regarding longitudinal neuroimaging studies in pediatric AIDS.13,22,23,29,31 Most reports are evaluations of children with CDC-defined AIDS studied with cranial MRI or CT scans at the time of initial neurologic evaluation.2,3,10,1l, 16,17,24,32 These studies have demonstrated that nearly two thirds of children will have abnormal cranial MRI or CT scans, of which three quarters will manifest parenchymal volume loss and approximately one in six will demonstrate basal ganglia-thalamic-subfrontal deep white-matter calcification. The latter finding is usually seen in children under 5 years of age (-15%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pediatric AIDS: A Longitudinal Comparative MRI and CT Brain Imaging Study

Chamberlain

1993

J Child Neurol

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Fourteen consecutive children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) (age range, 4 months to 11 years; median 4 years) were studied prospectively comparing nonenhanced cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomographic (CT) scans. MRI and CT were performed twice: at time of entry into protocol and again at 1 year. In addition, sequential neurologic (every 2 months) and neuropsychological examinations (every 6 months) were performed. At entry, 12 children had abnormal neurologic examinations; of these, 10 had developmental delay; two children were normal by developmental history and neurologic examination. Five children performed in the normal range on a standardized neuropsychological test, whereas nine children showed significant delays in verbal or motor/perceptual development. Following 1 year of study, four children had normal and six had abnormal neurologic examinations (six stable and four improved). Neuropsychological examinations were normal in five children and abnormal in five (seven stable, one improved, and two deteriorated). At entry, the following neuroradiographic abnormalities were seen: brain parenchymal volume loss (eight, MR = CT), cervical lymphatic enlargement (four, MR = CT), striatal-thalamic calcification (one, CT > MR), delayed myelination (one, MR > CT), and focal white-matter lesions (one, MR > CT). At 1 year the following neuroradiographic changes were seen: brain parenchymal volume loss (10, MR = CT; two improved, eight stable); cervical lymphatic enlargement (one, MR = CT; three improved, one stable), striatal-thalamic calcification (one, CT > MR; one new), and focal white-matter lesions (one, MR > CT; one stable).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric AIDS: A Longitudinal Comparative MRI and CT Brain Imaging Study

Chamberlain

1993

J Child Neurol

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“…These signs and symptoms indicate a process that mainly affects the white matter, analogous to the subcortical dementia that occurs in adults. 13 Current antiretroviral strategies and specific treatments for infectious or neoplastic complications improve survival and quality of life in these patients.…”

Section: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Opportunistic CNS infections are common in adults but occur rarely in children, probably because they are due to reactivation of latent infections that infants and children have not had time to acquire. 13 When they occur, CMV and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy are the most common infections in pediatric AIDS. Cerebrovascular complications have been reported in 4% to 29% of adult patients with AIDS, but only isolated reports in children have described aneurysms, infarctions, and hemorrhage.…”

Section: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital Brain Infections

Arbeláez¹,

Restrepo²,

Dávila³

et al. 2014

Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Pediatric congenital intracranial infections are a group of different and important entities that constitute a small percentage of all pediatric infections. The causal factors and clinical presentations are different in children compared with adults. They require early recognition because delay diagnosis and initiation of treatment may have catastrophic consequences. Despite improvements in prenatal screening, vaccine safety, and antibiotics, infections of the central nervous system remain an important cause of neurological disabilities worldwide. This article reviews the most common congenital infections and their imaging findings.

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