Imaging of fetal tumors and other dysplastic lesions: A review with emphasis on MR imaging

Abstract

Fetal tumors and other dysplastic masses are relatively rare. They are usually the result of failure of differentiation and maturation during embryonic or fetal life; dysplastic lesions may be the consequence of an obstruction sequence. In this review, we present the most commonly encountered tumors and masses seen during fetal life. Imaging characteristics, tumoral organ of origin, and its effect on the surrounding organs and overall fetal hemodynamics are descriptors that must be relayed to the fetal surgeon and maternal fetal medicine expert, in order to institute most accurate parental counseling and appropriate perinatal treatment plan.

The Clinical Value of Prenatal Ultrasonography in the Differential Diagnosis of Fetal Suprarenal Space-Occupying Lesions

“… 3 A combination of MRI and ultrasound graph would be helpful for diagnosis of suprarenal entity. 6 , 10 …”

Combination of volume‐rendering 3D surface modeling and medical illustration to capture the living fetus

“…They include intra‐ and extralobar bronchopulmonary sequestrations, congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAMs), and bronchogenic cysts 19 . Their exact etiology is unclear, although a common origin, from variations of bronchial atresia, has been proposed 20 . According to that theory, congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) might be included as well 21 .…”

“…19 Their exact etiology is unclear, although a common origin, from variations of bronchial atresia, has been proposed. 20 According to that theory, congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) might be included as well. 21 Differentiation between the various types of congenital cystic lung lesions includes the presence of one or more feeding arteries, typically arising from the descending aorta, which is seen in sequestrations.…”

Diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of congenital mesoblastic nephroma: a retrospective multi-center International Society of Pediatric Oncology-Renal Tumor Study Group (SIOP-RTSG) radiology panel study

“…Histologically, three subtypes have been described [ 9 ]. The classic type consists of bland spindle cells, with few mitoses and no apparent hemorrhage and necrosis [ 2 , 7 , 21 – 23 ]. In contrast, the cellular type shows a high mitotic index and invasive growth pattern with areas of hemorrhage and necrosis [ 2 , 3 , 7 , 17 , 22 ].…”

“…In contrast, the cellular type shows a high mitotic index and invasive growth pattern with areas of hemorrhage and necrosis [ 2 , 3 , 7 , 17 , 22 ]. In general, if both histological patterns are present, the lesion is classified as mixed type [ 2 , 23 , 24 ].…”