Imaging of Fatigue Damage in CFRP Composite Laminates Using Nonlinear Harmonic Generation

Mattei, Christophe; Marty, Pierre

doi:10.1063/1.1570241

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…4 (the excitation frequency here was 130 kHz). Initially, for the un-loaded case, the 2 nd harmonic was very weak, but, as observed by others, not entirely absent [16,25]. After a 20 kN load had been applied the 2nd harmonic became much more obvious and after the application of a 30 kN tensile load the 2 nd harmonic signal was very clearly defined (with a peak amplitude of -42 dB or 0.8%).…”

Section: Harmonic Generation Testsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Design, development and testing of multi-functional non-linear ultrasonic instrumentation for the detection of defects and damage in CFRP materials and structures

Armitage

Wright

2013

Composites Science and Technology

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A multi-functional non-linear ultrasonic testing approach is presented for in-situ and ex-situ detection of a variety of defects (e.g. micro-cracking, delamination and disbonding) induced by various damage mechanisms (stress, impact, heat) in CFRP materials and structures. Such multi-functionality is provided via programmable and re-configurable instrumentation that incorporates a wide range of non-linear ultrasonic testing regimes, including harmonic and overtone generation, inter-modulation product generation, resonant frequency shift and pulse-inversion techniques. The capabilities of this multi-functional approach to defect detection are demonstrated by examining CFRP samples subjected to various forms of damage, specifically stress, impact and heat induced damage. We show that the multi-functional non-linear approach is well-suited to the detection of such forms of damage and that the pulse-inversion technique, largely 'ignored' in the CFRP literature, potentially provides a powerful, but as yet un-tapped, simple and effective route to the defect and damage detection. AbstractA multi-functional non-linear ultrasonic testing approach is presented for in-situ and exsitu detection of a variety of defects (e.g. micro-cracking, delamination and disbonding)induced by various damage mechanisms (stress, impact, heat) in CFRP materials and structures. Such multi-functionality is provided via programmable and re-configurable instrumentation that incorporates a wide range of non-linear ultrasonic testing regimes, including harmonic and overtone generation, inter-modulation product generation, resonant frequency shift and pulse-inversion techniques. The capabilities of this multifunctional approach to defect detection are demonstrated by examining CFRP samples subjected to various forms of damage, specifically stress, impact and heat induced damage. We show that the multi-functional non-linear approach is well-suited to the detection of such forms of damage and that the pulse-inversion technique, largely 'ignored' in the CFRP literature, potentially provides a powerful, but as yet un-tapped, simple and effective route to the defect and damage detection.

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Section: Harmonic Generation Testsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Design, development and testing of multi-functional non-linear ultrasonic instrumentation for the detection of defects and damage in CFRP materials and structures

Armitage

Wright

2013

Composites Science and Technology

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“…. 2.11 Imaging of CFRP laminates before (top) and after (middle, 15000 cycles; bottom, 17000 cycles) fatigue cycling, obtained using (a) conventional C-scan & (b) second harmonic (Mattei and Marty, 2003) . .…”

Section: 7mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two most common methods normalise second harmonic amplitude by fundamental amplitude ((β = A 1 /A 0 , e.g. Mattei and Marty, 2003) and by the square of fundamental amplitude (β = A 1 /A 2 0 , e.g. Cantrell and Yost, 2001).…”

Section: Higher Harmonic Generation 2321 Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An experimental investigation by Mattei and Marty (2003) showed evidence of the sensitivity of higher harmonic measurements to micro-damage in carbon-fibre reinforced composite laminates. Their experiments compared a conventional amplitude C-scan performed using an 18 MHz tone-burst signal to a harmonic imaging technique where a 9 MHz tone-burst was used and the amplitude of the second harmonic (at 18 MHz) used to compute nonlinearity at each scan location.…”

Section: Similar Findings Have Been Obtained Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonlinear vibro-ultrasonics for detection of damage and weak bonds in composites

Dunn¹

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Using composite materials in primary structures requires careful consideration of the ability of the material to withstand service loads, particularly the resistance to impact loads generated through contact with objects during flight or routine maintenance. While perhaps not causing immediate failure of the structure, even small, barely visible levels of damage can cause a decrease in stiffness or strength. It is important to detect this damage at an early stage, lest the damage grow and the strength of the structure be reduced to the level of service loading.

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“…Recent examples in the field-related to composite materials-include studies based on higher harmonics generation [27][28][29], nonlinear Lamb waves [30], nonlinear vibro-acoustic wave modulations [31][32][33][34][35][36], non-classical, nonlinear modulation transfer [37], analysis of fast/slow dynamics [38] and bispectral analysis [39,40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triple correlation for detection of damage-related nonlinearities in composite structures

et al. 2015

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Nonlinear effects in vibration responses are investigated for the undamaged composite plate and the composite plate with a delamination. The analysis is focused on higher harmonic generation in vibration responses for various excitation amplitude levels. This effect is investigated using the triple correlation technique. The dynamics of composite plate was modelled using two-dimensional finite elements and the classical lamination theory. The doubled-node approach was used to model delamination area. Mode shapes and natural frequencies were estimated based on numerical models. Next, the delamination divergence analysis was used to obtain relative displacements for delaminated plies. Experimental modal analysis test was carried out to verify the numerical models. The two strongest vibration modes as well as two vibration modes with the smallest and largest motion level of delaminated plies were selected for nonlinear vibration test. The Fisher criterion was employed to verify The results show that the method can be used not only to reveal nonlinearities, but also to reliably detect impact damage in composites. These results are confirmed using the statistical analysis.

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Imaging of Fatigue Damage in CFRP Composite Laminates Using Nonlinear Harmonic Generation

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Design, development and testing of multi-functional non-linear ultrasonic instrumentation for the detection of defects and damage in CFRP materials and structures

Design, development and testing of multi-functional non-linear ultrasonic instrumentation for the detection of defects and damage in CFRP materials and structures

Nonlinear vibro-ultrasonics for detection of damage and weak bonds in composites

Triple correlation for detection of damage-related nonlinearities in composite structures

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