Imaging of extranodal lymphomas in the head and neck: A case series and review of the literature

Abstract

Extranodal lymphomas (ENLs) are relatively rare malignancies of the head and neck. Clinical presentation varies greatly depending on location, pattern of nodal involvement, and histologic subtype. The most frequently involved sites include the palatine tonsils and nasal cavity/paranasal sinuses, and over half of patients have concurrent nodal disease. Most are non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas of B-cell lineage. While the clinical presentation may mimic other pathologies of the head and neck, various radiographic features and patterns may help raise suspicion for ENL as a differential consideration. This is of critical importance given that the management and treatment of lymphomas differ significantly from other pathologies of the head and neck. In this case series, three cases of ENL in the head and neck are described, with an emphasis on radiographic findings. A review of epidemiology and treatment paradigms is also provided.