Imaging of Endolymphatic and Perilymphatic Fluid after Intravenous Administration of Single-dose Gadodiamide

Abstract

To visualize endolymph as bright signal after intravenous injection of single-dose gadodiamide, we shortened the inversion time of heavily T 2 -weighted 3-dimensional (3D) ‰uid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) to 2050 ms. In 14 patients with suspected M áeni àere's disease, we observed high signal of vestibular endolymph in all ears, including 6 ears without vestibular endolymphatic hydrops. We observed high signal of cochlear endolymph in 17 ears with cochlear endolymphatic hydrops but not 11 ears without cochlear endolymphatic hydrops.

The Technical and Clinical Features of 3D-FLAIR in Neuroimaging

“…11). 37,38,[101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108] In summary, 3D-FLAIR using VFA-TSE has several unique advantages for clinical neuroimaging as shown below: 1) Thinner slices and multi-planar reformation capability, 2) Higher flow sensitivity, 3) High sensitivity to subtle T 1 changes in fluid, 4) Free from CSF inflow artifacts, 5) Reasonable scan time, and 6) A 3D dataset that allows computer-aided analysis. Familiarity with these features of 3D-FLAIR imaging and proper use of 3D-FLAIR are important in order for radiologists to obtain useful information for patient management.…”

MR Imaging of Ménière’s Disease after Combined Intratympanic and Intravenous Injection of Gadolinium using HYDROPS2

“…We obtained MRC for an anatomical reference of total lymph fluid, hT 2 W-3D-FLAIR to visualize enhancement of the perilymph while the endolymph showed low signal (i.e., positive perilymph image [PPI]), 15 and 3D-real IR images for separate visualization of the perilymph, endolymph, and bone on a single kind of image.…”

Imaging of M^|^eacute;ni^|^egrave;re's Disease by Subtraction of MR Cisternography from Positive Perilymph Image

“…Parameters were set as previously reported. 8 Detailed scan parameters for MRC were: heavily T 2 -weighted MRC images using variable ‰ip angle 3D turbo spin echo technique (SPACE: sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts by using diŠerent ‰ip angle evolutions); repetition time (TR), 4400 ms; echo time (TE), 544 ms; initial re-focusing 1809‰ip angle rapidly decreased to constant 1209‰ip angle for the turbo-spin-echo refocusing echo train; echo-train length, 173 with restore magnetization pulse (fast recovery pulse); matrix size, 322×384; 96 axial slices of 1.0-mmthickness covering the labyrinth;ˆeld of view (FOV), 15×18 cm; generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA) parallel imaging technique; acceleration factor, 2; number of excitations (NEX), 1.8; and scan time, 2.9 min.…”

“…7 Similar to acquisition of PPI and PEI after IT administration of GBCM, PPI and PEI could be obtained after IV-SD-GBCM based on the hT 2 W-3D-FLAIR technique by adjusting inversion time. 8 Separate visualization of endolymph, perilymph, and bone on a single image has been reported using 3D-inversion recovery sequence with``real'' reconstruction (3D-real IR) after IT administration of GBCM 9,10 but not after IV-SD-GBCM, probably because of lower GBCM concentration in perilymph. Recently, the fusion of gray-scale inverted PEI with native gray-scale PPI, that is, subtraction of PEI from PPI, has been reported to yield a 3D-real IR-like image even after IV-SD-GBCM.…”

“…Thesè`H YDROPS'' images (HYbriD of Reversed image Of Positive endolymph signal and native image of positive perilymph Signal) facilitate recognition of endolymph space by IV-SD-GBCM but require scan time of 30 min to obtain both PPI and PEI for processing. 11 Furthermore, occasional failure of PEI to visualize small endolymph space in the cochlea, probably due to low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and blurring, 8 might be a risk for underestimating the size of endolymphatic space. To overcome these problems with HYDROPS, we sought to develop an alternative processing technique by subtracting heavily T 2 -weighted MR cisternography from PPI to achieve images with similar contrast to HYDROPS images using a shorter scan time.…”