Imaging of Central Nervous System Demyelinating Disorders

Tillema, Jan‐Mendelt

doi:10.1212/con.0000000000001246

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…The term solitary sclerosis (SS) has been used to describe spinal cord and brainstem lesions that result in progressive long tract and myelopathic features in combination with CSF abnormalities [4][5][6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solitary Sclerosis Presenting as Progressive Brainstem Symptoms

Alshamali,

Alanati,

Terruzzi

2023

J Clin Stud Rev Rep

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A woman in her 30s, presented with left facial weakness, left eyelid droop, left gaze diplopia as well as right facial and upper limb numbness; which progressively worsened over 1 month. She also developed dizziness, dysphonia, dysphagia, and an imbalanced gait. On exam, she had hoarseness, dysarthria, anisocoria; left pupil miosis, left eyelid ptosis, left gaze diplopia, left lower face weakness, deviation of the palate and uvula towards the left side, right eye nystagmus, right sided facial numbness, right upper limb numbness, right dysmetria, brisk reflexes all-over and an unsteady gait. The work up was positive for OCBs in the CSF analysis and MRI brain revealed a single progressive left medulla oblongata and left cerebellar peduncle hyperintensity lesion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solitary Sclerosis Presenting as Progressive Brainstem Symptoms

Alshamali,

Alanati,

Terruzzi

2023

J Clin Stud Rev Rep

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“…In MOGAD patients, antibodies binding to the native conformation of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein are characteristic, although weak positivity has also been described in healthy populations, requiring a cut-off for diagnostic purposes. Besides serology findings, MRI results on spinal cord lesions are also helpful in distinguishing between the various forms of primary demyelinating disorders of the CNS [ 6 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development Perspectives for Curative Technologies in Primary Demyelinating Disorders of the Central Nervous System with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease (MOGAD) at the Forefront

Pitter,

Nagy,

Nagy

et al. 2024

JPM

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Primary demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) include multiple sclerosis and the orphan conditions neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG-associated disease (MOGAD). Curative technologies under development aim to selectively block autoimmune reactions against specific autoantigens while preserving the responsiveness of the immune system to other antigens. Our analysis focused on target patient selection for such developments, carefully considering the relevant clinical, regulatory, and market-related aspects. We found that the selection of patients with orphan conditions as target populations offers several advantages. Treatments for orphan conditions are associated with limited production capacity, qualify for regulatory incentives, and may require significantly shorter and lower-scale clinical programs. Furthermore, they may meet a higher acceptable cost-effectiveness threshold in order to compensate for the low numbers of patients to be treated. Finally, curative technologies targeting orphan indications could enter less competitive markets with lower risk of generic price erosion and would benefit from additional market protection measures available only for orphan products. These advantages position orphan conditions and subgroups as the most attractive target indications among primary demyelinating disorders of the CNS. The authors believe that after successful proof-of-principle demonstrations in orphan conditions, broader autoimmune patient populations may also benefit from the success of these pioneering developments.

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Imaging Biomarkers for Differential Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Inflammatory Diseases

Kwon

2024

J Mult Scler Neuroimmunol

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Inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) include multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. In addition, various rheumatoid autoimmune diseases, autoimmune encephalitis, and medications such as immune checkpoint inhibitors can cause inflammation in the CNS. Radiological findings are very useful for us in differentiating inflammatory diseases of the CNS. On MRI, the shape, location, length/size, and gadolinium enhancement pattern of the lesions as well as the recovery and atrophy of the lesions following the acute phase, serve as important biomarkers for differentiating the diseases. In this review, we will highlight the typical characteristics MRI of optic neuritis, brain lesions, and myelitis in MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD, and outline the features of other inflammatory diseases of CNS.

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Imaging of Central Nervous System Demyelinating Disorders

Cited by 3 publications

References 64 publications

Solitary Sclerosis Presenting as Progressive Brainstem Symptoms

Solitary Sclerosis Presenting as Progressive Brainstem Symptoms

Development Perspectives for Curative Technologies in Primary Demyelinating Disorders of the Central Nervous System with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease (MOGAD) at the Forefront

Imaging Biomarkers for Differential Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Inflammatory Diseases

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