Imaging of brown fat associated with adrenal pheochromocytoma

Dundamadappa, Sathish Kumar; Shankar, Sridhar; Danrad, Raman; Singh, Ajay K.; Vijayaraghavan, GR; Kim, Y.; Perugini, Richard A.

doi:10.1080/02841850701199918

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In the clinical literature, case reports using conventional MR imaging to describe the identification of hibernomas as BAT [54-58], the involvement of BAT in pheochromocytoma [59], and the observation of BAT [60], have been common. Carter and Schucany detailed BAT in a 35-week-old infant as exhibiting hyperintensity to muscle and hypointensity to WAT on T2w images.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI detection of brown adipose tissue with low fat content in newborns with hypothermia

Hu¹,

Wu²,

Yin³

et al. 2014

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose To report the observation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) with low fat content in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) after they have undergone hypothermia therapy. Materials and Methods The local ethics committee approved the imaging study. Ten HIE neonates (3 males, 7 females, age range: 2-3 days) were studied on a 3T MRI system using a low-flip-angle (3 degrees) six-echo proton-density-weighted chemical-shift-encoded water-fat pulse sequence. Fat-signal fraction (FF) measurements of supraclavicular and interscapular (nape) BAT and adjacent subcutaneous white adipose tissues (WAT) were compared to those from five non-HIE neonates, two recruited for the present investigation and three from a previous study. Results In HIE neonates, the FF range for the supraclavicular, interscapular, and subcutaneous regions were 10.3-29.9%, 28.0-57.9%, and 62.6-88.0%, respectively. In non-HIE neonates, the values were 23.7-42.2% (p=0.01), 45.4-59.5% (p=0.06), and 67.8-86.3% (p=0.38), respectively. On an individual basis, supraclavicular BAT FF was consistently the lowest, interscapular BAT values were higher, and subcutaneous WAT values were the highest (p<0.01). Conclusion We speculate that hypothermia therapy in HIE neonates likely promotes BAT-mediated non-shivering thermogenesis, which subsequently leads to a depletion of the tissue's intracellular fat stores. We believe this is consequently reflected in lower FF values, particularly in the supraclavicular BAT depot, in contrast to non-HIE neonates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI detection of brown adipose tissue with low fat content in newborns with hypothermia

Hu¹,

Wu²,

Yin³

et al. 2014

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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“…The adrenal gland can be considered an extension of the SNS and it produces and secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine (NE) in response to sympathetic stimulation 30 . Patients suffering from NE-producing adrenal gland tumors, so called pheochromocytomas, can exhibit massive browning of the adjacent visceral fat 27,31,32 . This is most pronounced in perirenal fat and strongly suggests that NE originating from the adrenal gland can induce adipose browning [33][34][35] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric perirenal brown adipose dormancy in adult humans is defined by local sympathetic activity

Jespersen

Feizi

Andersen

et al. 2018

Preprint

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We here detect dormant brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans, occurring in most of the perirenal fat depot and characterized by a unilocular morphology. This phenotype was contrasted by multilocular BAT accumulating near the adrenal gland. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a gene expression profile of unilocular BAT that was approaching, yet was still distinct from, the expression profile of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT). Candidate gene signatures were recapitulated in a murine model of unilocular brown fat induced by thermoneutrality and high fat diet. We identified SPARC as a candidate adipokine representing a dormant BAT state in the absence of sympathetic activation and CLSTN3 as a novel marker for multilocular BAT. Brown fat precursor cells were present in the entire perirenal fat depot, regardless of state. When differentiated in vitro, these cells responded to acute norepinephrine stimulation by increasing UCP1 gene expression and uncoupled respiration, confirming a BAT phenotype. We thus propose a mechanism for the reduction of functionally competent BAT in adult humans and we provide a solid data set for future research on factors that can reactivate dormant BAT as a potential strategy for combatting obesity and metabolic disease.

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“…Previous work reported the use of the Dixon method for distinguishing BAT and WAT (16,17). T1‐ and T2‐weighted MR images were also reported to be useful for the detection of BAT in newborn babies (20,21). We focused our investigation on the use of fast‐spin echo (FSE) which is routinely used in clinical scanners and had not been reported previously for BAT imaging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical and Functional Assessment of Brown Adipose Tissue by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Chen

Cypess

Sass

et al. 2012

Obesity

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Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the primary tissue responsible for nonshivering thermogenesis in mammals. The amount of BAT and its level of activation help regulate the utilization of excessive calories for thermogenesis as opposed to storage in white adipose tissue (WAT) which would lead to weight gain. Over the past several years, BAT activity in vivo has been primarily assessed by positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scan using 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) to measure glucose utilization associated with BAT mitochondrial respiration. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of mapping and estimating BAT volume and metabolic function in vivo in rats at a 9.4T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner using sequences available from clinical MR scanners. Based on the morphological characteristics of BAT, we measured the volume distribution of BAT with MRI sequences that have strong fat–water contrast. We also investigated BAT volume by utilizing spin-echo MRI sequences. The in vivo MRI-estimated BAT volumes were correlated with direct measurement of BAT mass from dissected samples. Using MRI, we also were able to map hemodynamic responses to changes in BAT metabolism induced pharmacologically by β3-adrenergic receptor agonist, CL-316,243 and compare this to BAT activity in response to CL-316,243 assessed by PET 18F-FDG. In conclusion, we demonstrate the feasibility of measuring BAT volume and function in vivo using routine MRI sequences. The MRI measurement of BAT volume is consistent with quantitative measurement of the tissue ex vivo.

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Imaging of brown fat associated with adrenal pheochromocytoma

Cited by 21 publications

References 9 publications

MRI detection of brown adipose tissue with low fat content in newborns with hypothermia

MRI detection of brown adipose tissue with low fat content in newborns with hypothermia

Asymmetric perirenal brown adipose dormancy in adult humans is defined by local sympathetic activity

Anatomical and Functional Assessment of Brown Adipose Tissue by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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