Imaging of Bone Marrow: From Science to Practice

Abstract

The study of the bone marrow may pose important challenges, due to its changing features over the life span, metabolic stress, and in cases of disease or treatment. Bone marrow adipocytes serve as storage tissue, but they also have endocrine and paracrine functions, contributing to local and systemic metabolism.Among different techniques, magnetic resonance (MR) has the benefit of imaging bone marrow directly. The use of advanced MR techniques for bone marrow study has rapidly found clinical applications. Beyond the clinical uses, it has opened up pathways to assess and quantify bone marrow components, establishing the groundwork for further study of its implications in physiologic and pathologic conditions.We summarize the features of the bone marrow as an organ, address the different modalities available for its study, with a special focus on MR advanced techniques and their addition to analysis in recent years, and review some of the challenges in interpreting the appearance of bone marrow.

MR Imaging Features of Pediatric Bone Marrow

“…골수의 변화는 골수 내의 온도 변화, 혈액 분포나 산소압에 의해서도 영향을 받게 되어 만성 빈혈, 흡연, 높은 고도, 청색 증형 심장병, 장거리 달리기 등에서 골수의 재전환이 증가한다( 7 8 9 10 ). 골수의 전환은 대부분 25세 정도에 이르면 완성되어 성인 골수의 형태를 보이게 되며 이 시기에는 적색 골수가 체간골과 대퇴골 및 상완골의 근위부 골간단에만 남아있게 된다( 3 4 8 11 ).…”

Non-Invasive Technique for MRI Diagnostics of Bone Marrow Cellularity in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

“…Неинвазивная диагностика, указывающая на высокую вероятность обнаружения инфильтрации костного мозга, может помочь уменьшить количество костномозговых пункций до необходимого минимума. Магнитно-резонансная томография (МРТ) может являться таким неинвазивным методом оценки костного мозга [5,13]. Показана высокая чувствительность всех последовательностей к неопластическим и воспа-лительным изменениям в костном мозге у детей [7].…”