Imaging of Acute Lung Injury

Elicker, Brett M.; Jones, Kirk T.; Naeger, David M.; Frank, James A.

doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2016.05.006

Cited by 47 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Early detection is the best way to attenuate the development of ALI/ARDS. However, standard chest X-ray diagnostics may be insensitive for the early phase of ARDS when pulmonary edema is hard to detect and other imaging systems such as lung ultrasound, CT scan, and positron emission tomography are being evaluated [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

ROS Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Kellner

Noonepalle

Lü

et al. 2017

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

288

256

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The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role for the maintenance of cellular processes and functions in the body. However, the excessive generation of oxygen radicals under pathological conditions such as acute lung injury (ALI) and its most severe form acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) leads to increased endothelial permeability. Within this hallmark of ALI and ARDS, vascular microvessels lose their junctional integrity and show increased myosin contractions that promote the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and the transition of solutes and fluids in the alveolar lumen. These processes all have a redox component, and this chapter focuses on the role played by ROS during the development of ALI/ARDS. We discuss the origins of ROS within the cell, cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative damage, the role of ROS in the development of endothelial permeability, and potential therapies targeted at oxidative stress.

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Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

ROS Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Kellner

Noonepalle

Lü

et al. 2017

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

288

256

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“…1A) but, except for classical pointers (e.g., silhouette sign), cannot reliably indicate where in the dorsal-ventral dimension the infiltrate is located, nor can it differentiate among combinations of superimposed aerated, consolidated, or atelectatic lung. 3 The most obvious advance provided by the computed tomography scan was the identification, in patients managed in the supine position, of the massive loss of lung aeration predominating in dorsal regions, whereas ventral regions remained partially or fully aerated and received the most part of tidal volume (fig. 1B).…”

Section: Evolution Of Imaging In Ardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging the Injured Lung

et al. 2019

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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) consists of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure characterized by massive and heterogeneously distributed loss of lung aeration caused by diffuse inflammation and edema present in interstitial and alveolar spaces. It is defined by consensus criteria, which include diffuse infiltrates on chest imaging—either plain radiography or computed tomography. This review will summarize how imaging sciences can inform modern respiratory management of ARDS and continue to increase the understanding of the acutely injured lung. This review also describes newer imaging methodologies that are likely to inform future clinical decision-making and potentially improve outcome. For each imaging modality, this review systematically describes the underlying principles, technology involved, measurements obtained, insights gained by the technique, emerging approaches, limitations, and future developments. Finally, integrated approaches are considered whereby multimodal imaging may impact management of ARDS.

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“…Upon macroscopic examination, the present literature indicates that the lungs of all patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were heavy, congested, and oedematous, with patchy involvement. Histopathologic examination of lung biopsy tissues revealed GGO on HRCT matching with diffuse alveolar damage (recurrent ndings were capillary congestion, interstitial and intra-alveolar oedema, dilated alveolar ducts and collapsed alveoli, hyaline membranes composed of serum proteins and condensed brin, and loss of pneumocytes) and therefore represents an early radiological sign of Acute Lung Injury [21] [22] [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Diagnosis in Patients with HRCT Patterns Suspected for COVID-19 Pneumonia and RT-PCR Negative: A Multidisciplinary Approach for an Appropriate Management

D’Onofrio

Michela

Modolon

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Since 11th March 2020, the World Health Organization has declared that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a pandemic and a global public health emergency. One of the main problems related to the rapid spread of the pandemic was the low sensitivity of the swabs that were used, resulting in high false negative rates, and the inability of HRCT to distinguish COVID-19 pneumonia from other types of pneumonia, resulting in diagnostic delays and increased infections in the hospital units. To deal with this problem, a multidisciplinary team has been created at the Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital in Bologna, with the aim of integrating the data of each patient framed as a "COVID suspect" and to get to a correct diagnosis. We analysed some exemplary cases of patients with negative swab but highly suggestive clinical and radiological characteristics for COVID-19 that, thanks to this multidisciplinary team, were then framed as other forms of pneumonia and successfully treated.

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Imaging of Acute Lung Injury

Cited by 47 publications

References 50 publications

ROS Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

ROS Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Imaging the Injured Lung

Differential Diagnosis in Patients with HRCT Patterns Suspected for COVID-19 Pneumonia and RT-PCR Negative: A Multidisciplinary Approach for an Appropriate Management

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