Imaging modalities for the diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis

Safety and efficacy of pharmacological treatments for axial spondyloarthritis

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Safety and efficacy of pharmacological treatments for axial spondyloarthritisAxial spondyloarthritis (ax-SpA) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease with a variety of clinical presentations including chronicbackpain,enthesitis,arthritis,anddactylitis.Occasionally, ax-SpApatientsmaypresentwithextra-articularmanifestations [1][2][3][4] including anterior uveitis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 5 The concept of ax-SpA includes both patients with definite structural damage on radiographs of the sacroiliac joints (according to 1984 New York criteria), (radiographic ax-SpA), and patients without structural damage, (non-radiographic ax-SpA).Non-radiographic ax-SpA is mostly considered an early stage of radiographic ax-SpA, but not all non-radiographic ax-SpA will develop structural damage in the axial skeleton.

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“…Axial spondyloarthritis (ax‐SpA) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease with a variety of clinical presentations including chronic back pain, enthesitis, arthritis, and dactylitis. Occasionally, ax‐SpA patients may present with extra‐articular manifestations 1‐4 including anterior uveitis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 5 . The concept of ax‐SpA includes both patients with definite structural damage on radiographs of the sacroiliac joints (according to 1984 New York criteria), (radiographic ax‐SpA), and patients without structural damage, (non‐radiographic ax‐SpA).…”