Imaging in pediatric ovarian tumors

Ovarian dysgerminoma: clues to the radiological diagnosis

“…1 Ovarian dysgerminoma (OD) is a rare malignant tumor that derives from primordial germ cells and constitutes the female equivalent of testicular seminoma. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] This type of tumor accounts for 1%-2% of malignant ovarian tumors and constitutes the most common ovarian malignant germ cell neoplasm, with an incidence rate of 32.8%-37.5%. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] While OD can occur at any age, females in their second to third decades of life are the most affected, and 15%-20% are diagnosed during pregnancy or post-childbirth.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] This type of tumor accounts for 1%-2% of malignant ovarian tumors and constitutes the most common ovarian malignant germ cell neoplasm, with an incidence rate of 32.8%-37.5%. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] While OD can occur at any age, females in their second to third decades of life are the most affected, and 15%-20% are diagnosed during pregnancy or post-childbirth. [4][5][6][7][8][9] However, the pathogenesis is still not well understood.…”

“…5,6,10 In rare cases, gonadoblastomas can arise in females without chromosomal abnormalities or gonadal dysgenesis. 10 In contrast to other germ cell tumors, OD can occur in both ovaries in 10%-15% of cases, [1][2][3] while the right ovary is generally the most affected, largely due to its slower differentiation. 2 While most patients are symptomatic, presenting a palpable pelvic or abdominal mass, OD may be present in asymptomatic women.…”

“…6,8 Menstrual disorders, abdominal enlargement and severe pain, explained by torsion, hemorrhage, or tumor rupture, are among the attendant complaints. [2][3][4][5][6] High lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels are often associated with OD and can be used to complement the diagnosis and assist in postoperative follow-ups; however, this presents a non-specific laboratory finding. [2][3][4][5][6][8][9][10][11][12] In 3%-5% of cases, OD also contains syncytiotrophoblastic cells, which produce low quantities of human chorionic gonadotropin.…”

“…[2][3][4][5][6] High lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels are often associated with OD and can be used to complement the diagnosis and assist in postoperative follow-ups; however, this presents a non-specific laboratory finding. [2][3][4][5][6][8][9][10][11][12] In 3%-5% of cases, OD also contains syncytiotrophoblastic cells, which produce low quantities of human chorionic gonadotropin. 1,[4][5][6][7] This feature can be responsible for endocrine abnormalities and for stimulating pregnancy.…”