Imaging in gynecological disease (14): clinical and ultrasound characteristics of ovarian clear cell carcinoma

Abstract

Ovarian pure clear cell carcinoma is usually diagnosed at an early stage and typically appears as a large unilateral mass with solid components. Patients with clear cell carcinoma developing from endometriosis are younger than other patients with clear cell carcinoma, and clear cell cancers developing from endometriosis more often manifest ground-glass echogenicity of cyst fluid. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Ultrasound, macroscopic and histological features of endometrioid and clear cell ovarian cancer

“…Transvaginal ultrasound examination performed at our center showed a left multilocular solid tumor (<10 locules) of 67×66×84 mm in size, with low-level content, irregular internal walls for the presence of multiple papillary projections, and a solid component of 39×21 mm in size. 6 The mass showed a moderate vascularization at color Doppler examination. The IOTA ADNEX model 2 showed an increased risk of malignancy, with highest relative risk for stage II-IV ovarian cancer (link to the IOTA ADNEX model calculator: https://www.…”

Imaging in gynecological disease (22): clinical and ultrasound characteristics of ovarian embryonal carcinomas, non‐gestational choriocarcinomas and malignant mixed germ cell tumors

“…However, not all unilateral adnexal solid tumors in young women originate from germ cells. Possible differential diagnoses include ovarian stromal cell tumors (Sertoli cell tumor, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor and granulosa cell tumor) 44,45 or epithelial malignant tumors (ovarian clear cell carcinoma and endometrioid carcinoma) 46,47 . However, the mean age at diagnosis of the latter three types of tumor is higher than that of women with malignant germ cell tumors [45][46][47] .…”

“…Possible differential diagnoses include ovarian stromal cell tumors (Sertoli cell tumor, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor and granulosa cell tumor) 44,45 or epithelial malignant tumors (ovarian clear cell carcinoma and endometrioid carcinoma) 46,47 . However, the mean age at diagnosis of the latter three types of tumor is higher than that of women with malignant germ cell tumors [45][46][47] . A unilateral solid tumor in a young woman could also be a metastasis from another primary tumor, but most metastases are bilateral, and solid metastases are often smaller than malignant germ cell tumors 48 .…”

Ultrasound, macroscopic and histological features of malignant ovarian tumors

“…4 Moreover, during the past 15 years authors of the IOTA group have described the typical ultrasound appearance of several different adnexal pathologies, including various histotypes of malignancy, collected in the series of "Imaging in gynecology" papers. [5][6][7][8][9][10] Indeed, ovarian cancer includes several histological entities which can be grouped into four histological groups: epithelial tumors, germ cell tumors, stromal tumors and metastatic tumors. Each histopathological category is often characterized by some morphological typical features, as described in the textbooks of pathologists.…”