Imaging for Prostate Cancer

Abstract

We review recent developments in imaging for prostate cancer. Technical advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hybrid imaging with combined positron emission tomography (PET) and ultrasound (US) are presented. Especially in the area of tracer and contrast agent development several publications are highlighted. For detection of primary prostate cancer multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) using T2w sequences, diffusion-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, and/or 1H-MR spectroscopy is meanwhile considered as standard. However, the lack of standardization in reporting is evident. Most differential diagnostic problems are solved. Therefore mpMRI is increasingly used for therapy planning and fusion with US/MR-guided biopsies to overcome negative conventional biopsy results. Also imaging after prior treatment is of interest to define normal effects of e.g., radiotherapy. For detection of recurrent tumor, targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen in PET/CT has revolutionized imaging. This promising technique is paving the way for future treatment with radiolabeled agents.