Imaging Findings of Hepatic Sinusoidal Dilatation

Yang, Dal Mo; Jung, Dong Hae; Park, Chul Hi; Kim, Jee Eun; Choi, Soo Jin Na

doi:10.2214/ajr.183.4.1831075

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…These were also visible on opposed-phase T1-weighted imaging due to signal drop-out (b), but not on in-phase T1-weighted imaging (c), confirming the diagnosis of multifocal nodular steatosis and are non-specific. Isolated case reports have described MRI findings of hepatomegaly, narrowing of hepatic veins, periportal cuffing, and oedema of the gall bladder wall along with ascites and pleural effusion-all features typically seen in patients with Budd-Chiari syndromebut with patent hepatic veins [38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Imaging the Post-chemotherapy Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of cancer chemotherapy on liver imaging

Robinson

2009

Eur Radiol

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Chemotherapy changes the appearance of liver tumours and may also affect the liver parenchyma. Tumours respond with changes in size, outline, and internal architecture. The accuracy of liver CT for detecting metastases is reduced after chemotherapy. Histologic studies have shown that some metastases which become invisible on follow-up CT are completely sterile at later resection, but most 'disappearing' lesions still contain active tumour. Hepatic steatosis becomes much more common after chemotherapy. Diffuse fatty change may conceal metastases on US and CT, whilst focal steatosis may mimic tumour. Chemical-shift MRI will distinguish fat from tumour. Fatty change is usually reversible, unless the liver receives a 'second hit' of damage from other causes. Sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (SOS), nodular regenerative hyperplasia, veno-occlusive disease and peliosis are manifestations of microvascular injury which can result from chemotherapy. SOS, the most common of these, is undetectable on US and CT, but can be shown on SPIO-enhanced MRI. Although SOS causes no symptoms in most patients, it may cause increased bleeding from the friable liver at surgery, and greater risk of peri-operative adverse events. Rarer complications of chemotherapy include pseudo-cirrhosis and sclerosing cholangitis.

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Section: Imaging the Post-chemotherapy Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of cancer chemotherapy on liver imaging

Robinson

2009

Eur Radiol

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“…Interestingly, most SIV-infected macaques experienced sinusoidal dilatation in the liver at the 32-week time point. Enlargement of the sinusoids is generally due to blocked blood flow out of the liver or is related to vascular dysfunction [ 44 , 45 ]. The SIV-infected macaques exhibited the characteristic sinusoid enlargement near the central veins (at the center of the liver lobules), as this is where the blockage initiates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SIV Infection Is Associated with Transient Acute-Phase Steatosis in Hepatocytes In Vivo

Derby,

Biswas,

Yusova

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected individuals, even those receiving optimal antiretroviral therapy. Here, we utilized the SIV rhesus macaque model and advanced laparoscopic techniques for longitudinal collection of liver tissue to elucidate the timing of pathologic changes. The livers of both SIV-infected (N = 9) and SIV-naïve uninfected (N = 8) macaques were biopsied and evaluated at four time points (weeks −4, 2, 6, and 16–20 post-infection) and at necropsy (week 32). SIV DNA within the macaques’ livers varied by over 4 logs at necropsy, and liver SIV DNA significantly correlated with SIV RNA in the plasma throughout the study. Acute phase liver pathology (2 weeks post-infection) was characterized by evidence for fat accumulation (microvesicular steatosis), a transient elevation in both AST and cholesterol levels within the serum, and increased hepatic expression of the PPARA gene associated with cholesterol metabolism and beta oxidation. By contrast, the chronic phase of the SIV infection (32 weeks post-infection) was associated with sinusoidal dilatation, while steatosis resolved and concentrations of AST and cholesterol remained similar to those in uninfected macaques. These findings suggest differential liver pathologies associated with the acute and chronic phases of infection and the possibility that therapeutic interventions targeting metabolic function may benefit liver health in people newly diagnosed with HIV.

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“…Peliosis hepatis has been associated with certain medications, infections, hematologic conditions, and transplantation [1,4,7,13,[26][27][28][29] (Tables 1 and 2). Symptomatic PH (n=49; 78%) presents with abdominal pain (40%; n=25), GI symptoms/weight loss (21%; n=13), and abdominal fullness/hepatomegaly/mass (19%; n=12; Table 1) [1,3,4,6,30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A unique presentation of peliosis hepatis: A case report and comprehensive review of the literature

Teshon,

Walker,

P Schammel

et al. 2023

Int J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis

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Introduction: Peliosis hepatis (PH) is a rare benign vascular condition characterized by dilatation of hepatic sinusoids with occasional involvement of other organs. While associated with chronic immunosuppression, anabolic steroid use, oral contraceptive (OCP) use, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), and infection with Bartonella, most PH patients are asymptomatic and, thus, identified incidentally. Compromised liver function is sometimes evident through laboratory tests; however, mortality results from cyst rupture and hemorrhage spontaneously or during surgical procedures. Case Report: We report a case of PH identified in a 33-year-old Black female radiologically evaluated for abnormal liver function tests. Computed tomography (CT) revealed enhancement of >100 lesions throughout both liver lobes; a CT-guided biopsy revealed mild macrovesicular steatosis and marked sinusoidal dilation, consistent with peliosis hepatis. Conclusion: We also present a comprehensive literature review describing the associated conditions, pathology, diagnostic methods, and treatment options for PH patients.

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Imaging Findings of Hepatic Sinusoidal Dilatation

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

The effects of cancer chemotherapy on liver imaging

The effects of cancer chemotherapy on liver imaging

SIV Infection Is Associated with Transient Acute-Phase Steatosis in Hepatocytes In Vivo

A unique presentation of peliosis hepatis: A case report and comprehensive review of the literature

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