Imaging findings in acute pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)

Kurian, Jessica; Blumfield, Einat; Levin, Terry L.; Liszewski, Mark C.

doi:10.1007/s00247-022-05393-9

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 114 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Apart from normal chest radiographs, the most common finding seen in chest radiographs of COVID-19 were opacities. 27 , 38 , 39 Chest tomography findings in this study were also consistent with data from other institutions. Ground-glass opacities were the most common finding, with bilateral peripheral and central as the most frequent distribution.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Ground-glass opacities were the most common finding, with bilateral peripheral and central as the most frequent distribution. 39,40 As to COVID-19 treatment, to date, there is still evolving data on the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 in adults and children. Antiviral agents are recommended only in severe/critical cases and has limited indications for certain age groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ground-glass opacities were the most common finding, with bilateral peripheral and central as the most frequent distribution. 39 , 40 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Clinical and Laboratory Profile, Management and Outcome of Pediatric SARS-CoV-2 Infection Admitted at the Philippine General Hospital

Reyes-Pagcatipunan, MD,

Isada, MD,

Delos Reyes, MD

2024

Acta Med Philipp

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background. The Philippines has recorded over 470,000 COVID-19 cases in children, with over 1,500 deathsduring the same period. Although a Philippine online pediatric COVID-19 registry exists, this only relies on passive surveillance. Objectives. This study determined the clinical and laboratory profile, risk factors for severe COVID-19, and mortality, management, and outcome of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 patients admitted at the Philippine General Hospital (PGH) from April 2020 to June 2022 to fill in knowledge gaps on the epidemiology of COVID-19 infection in children. Methods. This was a retrospective cohort study of pediatric COVID-19 cases admitted at the PGH, a designatedCOVID referral center during the study period. Demographic and clinical profile, risk factors, comorbidities, laboratory and radiologic findings, management, and outcomes across different disease severity states were gathered by chart review and the data were analyzed using STATA 17. Results. There were 448 pediatric patients admitted and diagnosed with COVID-19 during the study period. Most patients belonged to the 1-5-year age group (25.9%), had no known exposure to a COVID-19 case (65.4%), were mild cases (37.3%%), and did not receive any dose of the COVID-19 vaccine (96.7%). The most common presenting symptoms across all disease categories were fever (44.4%), cough (28.6%), and shortness of breath (26.6%). Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) presented with fever (100%) and rash (53.9%). The risk factors for severe disease were the presence of a congenital anomaly lung disease, and elevated procalcitonin. Most patients with MIS-C were previously well with no comorbidities. Laboratory findings which were markedly elevated among severe and critical cases were ESR, CRP, D-dimer, LDH, and IL-6. Ferritin, procalcitonin (PCT) and IL-6 were elevated only in severe to critical COVID-19 cases and remained within normal for the other disease categories. As to treatment, asymptomatic, mild, and moderate cases were given supportive medications (zinc, vitamin D, and vitamin C), while investigational drugs particularly corticosteroids, IVIG, and remdesivir, were used in severe cases. Antibiotics were given to 71.7% of patients at the outset.As to the outcomes, 89% recovered, while 8.9% died. The case fatality rate from COVID-19 infection was at2.2%. Conclusion. Admitted pediatric COVID-19 cases are generally mild but admission is due to underlying illnessor comorbidities. Those with severe to critical cases have underlying comorbidities and had either progression or complications due to COVID disease. D-dimer, LDH, IL-6, ferritin and procalcitonin were elevated among severe and critical cases which can be utilized as inflammatory markers.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Clinical and Laboratory Profile, Management and Outcome of Pediatric SARS-CoV-2 Infection Admitted at the Philippine General Hospital

Reyes-Pagcatipunan, MD,

Isada, MD,

Delos Reyes, MD

2024

Acta Med Philipp

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…PIMS is thought to be caused by postinfectious dysregulation of the immune system. The inflammatory syndrome is characterised by fever, inflammation and multiple organ dysfunction 12 . It is more likely to occur after the SARS-CoV-2 infection than during the acute stage 8,9 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmapheresis as therapeutic option in a 16-year-old with EVALI

Gaik,

Arndt,

Mand

et al. 2024

European Journal of Anaesthesiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since 2019 when a cluster of cases with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with e-cigarettes in the United States was reported, there have been increasing numbers of reports. Electronic-cigarette or Vaping Use-associated Lung Injury (EVALI) represents a recent entity of respiratory clinical syndromes, primarily in young adults. We report a previously healthy 16-year-old boy who developed severe ARDS following a brief nonspecific prodromal phase after excessive consumption of e-cigarettes. Despite maximum intensive care therapy, including several weeks of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, plasmapheresis and repeated administration of immunoglobulins seemed the only way to achieve therapeutic success. Although many case reports have been published, to our knowledge, there are none to date on the therapeutic use of plasmaphoresis in severe EVALI. This case highlights the clinical features of EVALI and the diagnostic dilemma that can arise with EVALI occurring against the background of an expired SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a paediatric inflammatory syndrome (PIMS) as differential diagnosis. EVALI is a diagnosis of exclusion, and the medical history of vaping and e-cigarette use can provide valuable clues. Ethical approval for this case report (protocol number 23–145 RS) was provided by the Ethical Committee of the Department of Medicine, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Germany on 13th of June 2023. Written informed consent to publish this case and the associated images was obtained from the patient and his mother.

show abstract

“…Unilateral increased density and bilateral peribronchial changes are commonly seen. Ground-glass opacities (GGOs) and patchy shadowing on a chest computerized tomography (CT) scan are the most recognized sign in children 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 . Less common manifestations including single-round consolidation, pleural effusion, small nodules, or lymphadenopathy have been reported.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%