Imaging Features of Carcinoid Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Ganeshan, Dhakshina Moorthy; Bhosale, Priya; Yang, Thomas; Kundra, Vikas

doi:10.2214/ajr.12.9758

Cited by 79 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Kaposi sarcoma and metastases may also manifest as small gastric parietal lesions. Adenocarcinoma, lymphoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumors are considered as differential for type III lesions (13) , substantially more frequent, which highlights the relevance of the present report.…”

Section: Commentssupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Its highest incidence occurs mainly in men at the sixth decade of life, with metastases at diagnosis (frequently nodal and hepatic metastases). Such lesion is solitary, larger than 2 cm, presenting an aggressive behavior and dissemination by contiguity to the liver, many times with tendency to necrosis (11-13) .…”

Section: Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The differential diagnosis for types I and II lesions includes adenomatous or hamartomatous polyps (13) . Kaposi sarcoma and metastases may also manifest as small gastric parietal lesions.…”

Section: Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 60%

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confidence: 99%

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“…MDCT can localize the primary tumor, assess the extent of disease, characterize the architectural relationships with the surrounding structures and be used to reassess the disease following treatments [8,32,33,34]. …”

Section: Technique Strengthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Status of Neuroendocrine Tumor Imaging: From Darkness to Light?

et al. 2014

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Diagnostic imaging plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis, staging, treatment selection and follow-up for neuroendocrine tumors. The available diagnostic strategies are morphologic imaging, including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound techniques, and molecular imaging, including scintigraphy with ¹¹¹In-pentetreotide and positron emission tomography with ⁶⁸Ga-DOTA-peptides, ¹⁸F-DOPA and ¹¹C-5-HTP. A combination of anatomic and functional techniques is routinely performed to optimize sensitivity and specificity. The introduction of diffusion-weighted MRI and dynamic contrast-enhanced techniques represents a promising advance in radiologic imaging, whereas new receptor-binding peptides, including somatostatin agonists and antagonists, represent the recent most favorable innovation in molecular imaging. Future development includes the short-term validation of these techniques, but in extension also a more comprehensive multilevel integration of biologic information pertaining to a specific tumor and patient, possibly encompassing genomic considerations, currently evolving as a new entity denoted ‘precision medicine'. The ideal is a diagnostic sequence that captures the global status of an individual's tumor and encompasses a multidimensional characterization of tumor location, metabolic performance and target identification. To date, advances in imagery have focused on increasing resolution, discrimination and functional characterization. In the future, the fusion of imagery with the parallel analysis of biological and genomic information has the potential to considerably amplify diagnosis.

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“…The diagnostics of small intestine diseases may include computed tomography (CT) enterography/enteroclysis or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enterography/ /enteroclysis, which locate the primary focus in the small intestine in approximately 90-97% of patients [41][42][43]. For the follow-up concerning small intestine diseases, CT or MRI enterography should be applied.…”

Section: Primary Tumour Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nowotwory neuroendokrynne jelita cienkiego i wyrostka robaczkowego — zasady postępowania (rekomendowane przez Polską Sieć Guzów Neuroendokrynnych)

Bednarczuk¹,

Bolanowski²,

Zemczak³

et al. 2017

Endokrynologia Polska

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 224Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the small intestine and appendix -management guidelines Bednarczuk Tomasz et al. SZKOLENIE PODYPLOMOWE AbstractThis study presents the revised Polish guidelines regarding the management of patients suffering from neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the small intestine and appendix. The small intestine, especially the ileum, is the most common location for these neoplasms. Most are well differentiated and slow growing. Their symptoms may be atypical, which can result in delayed or accidental diagnosis. Appendicitis is usually the first manifestation of NEN in this location. Typical symptoms of carcinoid syndrome occur in approximately 20-30% of patients suffering from small intestinal NENs with distant metastases. The main cause of death in patients with carcinoid syndrome is carcinoid heart disease.The most useful laboratory test is the determination of chromogranin A, while concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid is helpful in the diagnostics of carcinoid syndrome. For visualisation, ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, colonoscopy, video capsule endoscopy, double-balloon enteroscopy, and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy may be used. A detailed histological report is crucial for the proper diagnostics and therapy of NENs of the small intestine and appendix. The treatment of choice is surgical management, either radical or palliative. The pharmacological treatment of the hormonally active and non-active small intestinal NENs as well as NENs of the appendix is based on long-acting somatostatin analogues. In patients with generalised NENs of the small intestine in progress during the SSA treatment, with good expression of somatostatin receptors, the first-line treatment should be radioisotope therapy, while targeted therapies, such as everolimus, should be considered afterwards. When the above therapies are exhausted, in certain cases chemotherapy may be considered.(Endokrynol Pol 2017; 68 (2): 223-236)

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Imaging Features of Carcinoid Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Abstract: Gastrointestinal carcinoids are a biologically heterogeneous group of tumors, with variable clinical presentation and biologic behavior. Imaging can play an important role in multidisciplinary identification and management of this disease.

Cited by 79 publications

References 107 publications

Qual o seu diagnóstico?

Qual o seu diagnóstico?

The Status of Neuroendocrine Tumor Imaging: From Darkness to Light?

Nowotwory neuroendokrynne jelita cienkiego i wyrostka robaczkowego — zasady postępowania (rekomendowane przez Polską Sieć Guzów Neuroendokrynnych)

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