Imaging extrasynaptic glutamate dynamics in the brain

Okubo, Yohei; Sekiya, Hiroshi; Namiki, Shigeyuki; Sakamoto, Hirokazu; Iinuma, Sho; Yamasaki, Miwako; Watanabe, Masahiko; Hirose, Keikichi; Iino, Masamitsu

doi:10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.713

Cited by 39 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Together with the increasing colocalization of GLT‐1 and AQP4 in these areas, this supports the idea of an increased glutamate–water buffering domain that develops as a response to ischemic conditions, a duality that is not maintained in the very close vicinity of the neurons themselves. Glutamate has also been suggested to escape from the synaptic clefts, generating an extrasynaptic glutamate pool, or the so‐called glutamate spillover phenomenon . As our data suggest, it seems that this perineuronal glutamate‐diffusing compartment becomes more abundant in pathological conditions, but further analysis on nonaged or non‐injured cellular setups are needed to confirm/infirm the presence of a closer immediately perineuronal glutamate uptake compartment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Different Dynamics of Aquaporin 4 and Glutamate Transporter‐1 Distribution in the Perineuronal and Perivascular Compartments during Ischemic Stroke

et al. 2014

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Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) represent the major water and glutamate astrocyte buffering gateways in the brain. Utilizing perilesional ischemic human cortices, we have performed here for the first time an integrative assessment on both AQP4 and GLT-1, and on their proximity to blood vessels and neurons. Counting the relative number of AQP4±/GLT-1±/glial fibrillary acidic protein± cells showed that double-positive variants were overall most frequent, and their number tended to decrease from organized and recent perilesional cortices to controls. AQP4/GLT-1 colocalization showed higher coefficients for the perilesional cortices compared with controls, suggesting an increased water/glutamate-buffering capability. Distance frequency analysis of AQP4/GLT-1 in relationship to neurons showed that both markers were concentrated at 20-40 μm around the perikarya; with AQP4 being more abundant in close proximity, these differences were not being driven by changes in neuropil density alone. Our study suggests a dual, simultaneous astrocytic function depending on the relative distance to neurons and vessels, with increased water and glutamate-buffering capability in the mid perineuronal space, and an increased water-buffering capability in the immediate perineuronal space, even higher than around vessels. Thus, adding specific AQP4/GLT-1 modulator agents selectively depending on the acute/chronic phase of stroke might increase the efficacy of existing treatments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Different Dynamics of Aquaporin 4 and Glutamate Transporter‐1 Distribution in the Perineuronal and Perivascular Compartments during Ischemic Stroke

et al. 2014

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“…Confocal and two-photon microscopies utilize fluorescence contrast (mostly from exogenous dyes) to measure neuron morphology and distribution [63], ion concentration [64] and synaptic release [65], cerebral blood flow and angiograms [66, 67]. OCT offers a complementary method for neuroimaging.…”

Section: Oct In Brain Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Coherence Tomography for Brain Imaging and Developmental Biology

Men

Huang

Solanki

et al. 2016

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

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Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a promising research tool for brain imaging and developmental biology. Serving as a three-dimensional optical biopsy technique, OCT provides volumetric reconstruction of brain tissues and embryonic structures with micrometer resolution and video rate imaging speed. Functional OCT enables label-free monitoring of hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the brain in vitro and in vivo in animal models. Due to its non-invasiveness nature, OCT enables longitudinal imaging of developing specimens in vivo without potential damage from surgical operation, tissue fixation and processing, and staining with exogenous contrast agents. In this paper, various OCT applications in brain imaging and developmental biology are reviewed, with a particular focus on imaging heart development. In addition, we report findings on the effects of a circadian gene (Clock) and high-fat-diet on heart development in Drosophila melanogaster. These findings contribute to our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms connecting circadian genes and obesity to heart development and cardiac diseases.

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“…Another promising opportunity for molecular imaging of RGCs lies in the imaging of RGC dysfunction before cell death. Several imaging probe such as reactive oxygen (ROS) [118] , mitochondria selective JC-1 [119] , and E glutamate [120] hold great promise in improving the molecular imaging of RGCs. Beyond autofluorescence imaging, several RPE-related molecular targets may also warrant consideration, such as ROS [121] , β-amyloid, esterified cholesterol and carbohydrate moieties in drusen [122] .…”

Section: Molecular Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Frontiers in Retinal Imaging

Liu

Paulus

2016

International Journal of Ophthalmic Research

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Ophthalmology is one of the most technology-driven medical specialties with numerous recent advances due to improvements in imaging technology. Advances in retinal imaging have allowed for better understanding of the eye in health and disease, retinal pathophysiology, documenting of disease progression,and assessing therapeutic response. During the last 50 years, both the hardware such as lasers in addition to software image analysis have significantly evolved. These improvements have included facilitating the progress of the ocular examination, reducing the discomfort of patients, and obtaining high quality non-invasive images. This article will review the classic retinal imaging modalities, state-of-the-art retinal imaging technologies, and an introduction of emerging imaging technologies.

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Imaging extrasynaptic glutamate dynamics in the brain

Cited by 39 publications

References 24 publications

Different Dynamics of Aquaporin 4 and Glutamate Transporter‐1 Distribution in the Perineuronal and Perivascular Compartments during Ischemic Stroke

Different Dynamics of Aquaporin 4 and Glutamate Transporter‐1 Distribution in the Perineuronal and Perivascular Compartments during Ischemic Stroke

Optical Coherence Tomography for Brain Imaging and Developmental Biology

New Frontiers in Retinal Imaging

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