Imaging Evaluation of Dogs and Cats with Dysphagia

Pollard, Rachel E.

doi:10.5402/2012/238505

Cited by 33 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Videofluoroscopic swallow studies have been the goldstandard diagnostic tool for many years when functional assessment of the esophagus is desired in dogs. 6 Information about esophageal dysmotility, GER, and SHH can all be gleaned from these studies; however, in people it is well recognized that videofluoroscopic swallow studies have significant shortcomings with regard to diagnosis of both SHH and GERD. 17,18 Only 26%-50% of human patients with GERD confirmed via 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring and/or pHimpedance studies had evidence of GERD on videofluoroscopic swallow studies in 2 studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sliding hiatal hernia (SHH) can arise as a congenital anomaly, reported most commonly in young Shar Peis, or as an acquired condition secondary to airway obstructive disease or neuromuscular disorders affecting the diaphragm . It is often accompanied by gastroesophageal reflux (GER) although some degree of GER is considered a normal finding in dogs . The point at which GER becomes excessive is unknown and has never been categorized in dogs to date, increasing the challenge of specifying outcomes in this population of patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 It is often accompanied by gastroesophageal reflux (GER) although some degree of GER is considered a normal finding in dogs. [4][5][6] The point at which GER becomes excessive is unknown and has never been categorized in dogs to date, increasing the challenge of specifying outcomes in this Supported by the Center for Companion Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis. population of patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospective evaluation of surgical management of sliding hiatal hernia and gastroesophageal reflux in dogs

et al. 2017

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospective evaluation of surgical management of sliding hiatal hernia and gastroesophageal reflux in dogs

et al. 2017

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“…2,3,6,[11][12][13][14] Videofluoroscopic barium swallowing studies (VFSS) are considered the gold standard diagnostic tool for the assessment of esophageal motility and HH in people 15 and in small animals. 1,10 Limited information is available about VFSS in dogs, particularly in brachycephalic breeds, which is likely a result of limited availability in nonreferral centers and cost. 10 When VFSS are performed in conscious dogs in an upright position, normal airway pressures are maintained which provides a physiologically accurate representation of swallowing function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective analysis of esophageal imaging features in brachycephalic versus non‐brachycephalic dogs based on videofluoroscopic swallowing studies

Eivers

Rueda

Liuti

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Idiopathic esophageal dysmotility (ED) is increasingly recognized in young dogs of brachycephalic breeds. Few studies have objectively associated specific videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) features with brachycephaly, leading to under‐recognition of ED in brachycephalic breeds. Hypothesis/objectives To describe and compare VFSS in brachycephalic dogs versus non‐brachycephalic dogs presented for dysphagia or regurgitation, and to investigate associations between these imaging findings and patient signalment. Methods Retrospective analysis of VFSS of dogs presented for dysphagia or regurgitation (not megaesophagus) from 2006 to 2017. Cases were divided into brachycephalic and mesaticephalic breeds. The VFSS were reviewed using a standardized protocol by 2 examiners. Esophageal motility was assessed using specific criteria, and particular imaging features were noted and graded. Fisher's exact test was used to determine associations among signalment (including brachycephaly), final diagnosis, outcomes, and ED features. Results Thirty‐six dogs were included (n = 10 normal, n = 26 presumed ED). Twenty dogs (77%) with presumed ED were brachycephalic with a median age of 1 year (range, 0.2‐10.5 years). Most common were prolonged esophageal transit time (ETT; n = 21/26), decreased propagation of secondary peristaltic waves (n = 20/26), and gastroesophageal reflux (GER; n = 18/28). Eight dogs (all brachycephalic) had hiatal herniation (HH). Morphological esophageal variations were only observed in brachycephalic dogs. Brachycephaly was significantly associated with ED ( P = .005), prolonged ETT ( P = .41), GER ( P = .02), and HH ( P = .03). Conclusions and Clinical Importance The majority of dogs with presumed ED was young and brachycephalic and had specific abnormalities that were less frequent in mesaticephalic dogs with regurgitation or dysphagia.

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“…Thoracic fluoroscopy potentially could provide a means for estimating lung volume changes during respiration. This real‐time imaging modality has been recognized for its utility in interventional radiologic procedures and assessment of specific functional diseases, such as tracheobronchial collapse and swallowing disorders in dogs . To date, this minimally invasive diagnostic test has not been evaluated for documentation of dynamic changes in thoracic dimensions or lung area.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fluoroscopic Estimation of Thoracic Dimensional Changes in Healthy Dogs

Chan

Johnson

Brown

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundCurrent methods available for assessing alterations in lung mechanics require sophisticated equipment and are of limited availability. A method that could assess lung area change with respiration might be a clinically useful surrogate for assessing lung compliance.ObjectiveTo use fluoroscopy to determine percent change in thoracic and lung areas in healthy dogs.AnimalsForty‐four client‐owned dogs with no evidence of respiratory disease.MethodsProspective study. Resting respiration was recorded fluoroscopically, and peak inspiratory and expiratory frames were captured for 3 typical respiratory cycles. The number of intrathoracic pixels in the entire thoracic cavity was measured for both inspiration and expiration, and the average percent change in intrathoracic area was determined for each dog. This process was repeated by a hemithorax measurement of lung area that excluded the mediastinum and cardiac silhouette. Proposed reference ranges (and 95% confidence intervals [CI]) were computed by a nonparametric percentile distribution.ResultsMedian percent change in thoracic dimension for the total thorax measurement was 12.5% (CI, 8.9–24.0%). Median percent change for the hemithorax measurement was significantly (P < 0.001) larger (20.8%, CI, 14.3–37.6%). Both measurement techniques were correlated with body weight but not with age, sex, thoracic conformation, body condition score (BCS), or breed.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceFluoroscopy allows a noninvasive and repeatable measure of lung area changes during respiration that must be corrected for body weight. Additional studies in dogs with respiratory diseases are needed to determine its utility in detecting clinically useful alterations in lung area changes.

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Imaging Evaluation of Dogs and Cats with Dysphagia

Cited by 33 publications

References 123 publications

Prospective evaluation of surgical management of sliding hiatal hernia and gastroesophageal reflux in dogs

Prospective evaluation of surgical management of sliding hiatal hernia and gastroesophageal reflux in dogs

Retrospective analysis of esophageal imaging features in brachycephalic versus non‐brachycephalic dogs based on videofluoroscopic swallowing studies

Fluoroscopic Estimation of Thoracic Dimensional Changes in Healthy Dogs

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