Imaging evaluation of a persistent left superior vena cava and its importance in electrophysiologic procedures

Abstract

Accurate characterization of thoracic vascular structures is essential to safe, efficient, and successful cardiac electrophysiologic procedures. Here we describe a case of persistent left superior vena cava incidentally discovered during an elective cryoablation of atrial fibrillation procedure to illustrate possible diagnostic modalities to identify vascular abnormalities.