Imaging Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Recent Advances of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography with SonoVue®

Salvatore, Veronica; Gianstefani, Alice; Negrini, Giulia; Allegretti, Giulia; Galassi, M.; Piscaglia, Fabio

doi:10.1159/000367748

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Color Doppler flow imaging not only visualizes the blood supply within the lesion but also identifies the adjacency relationship between the lesion and major vessels, which provides important information for the selection of treatment approaches and determination of a surgery plan. Contrast ultrasonography visualizes the hemodynamic changes within the liver cancer and facilitates the differentiation and diagnosis of different kinds of liver cancer [4]. This technique has advantages regarding the evaluation of microvascular perfusion and the guidance of interventional procedures for liver tumor because of its real-time multisection imaging.…”

Section: Screening and Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer in China (2017 Edition)

Zhou¹,

Sun²,

Wang³

et al. 2018

Liver Cancer

498

449

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Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (about 85–90% of primary liver cancer) is particularly prevalent in China because of the high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection. HCC is the fourth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of tumor-related deaths in China. It poses a significant threat to the life and health of Chinese people. Summary: This guideline presents official recommendations of the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China on the surveillance, diagnosis, staging, and treatment of HCC occurring in China. The guideline was written by more than 50 experts in the field of HCC in China (including liver surgeons, medical oncologists, hepatologists, interventional radiologists, and diagnostic radiologists) on the basis of recent evidence and expert opinions, balance of benefits and harms, cost-benefit strategies, and other clinical considerations. Key Messages: The guideline presents the Chinese staging system, and recommendations regarding patients with HCC in China to ensure optimum patient outcomes.

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Section: Screening and Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer in China (2017 Edition)

Zhou¹,

Sun²,

Wang³

et al. 2018

Liver Cancer

498

449

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, a small number of patients with HML shows that there is a lack of deterministic findings in US and contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) examinations. As a result, differential diagnosis from other types of malignant hepatic tumors, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [6,7] and cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC) [8] , is difficult in some cases using US. In the present study, we elucidated US and CEUS findings obtained in patients with HML.…”

Section: Abdominal Ultrasound Findings Of Tumor-forming Hepatic Maligmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abdominal Ultrasound Findings of Tumor-Forming Hepatic Malignant Lymphoma

Kitahata

Hiraoka²,

Kudo³

et al. 2017

Dig Dis

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Aim/Background: Evaluations of abdominal ultrasonography (US) findings of primary and secondary tumor-forming hepatic malignant lymphoma (HML) have not been adequately reported. In this study, we elucidated US and contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) findings in patients with HML. Materials/Methods: From January 2006 to March 2017, 25 patients with HML were enrolled (primary 7, secondary 18), each of whom was diagnosed pathologically. They were divided into 2 groups based on tumor diameter (cutoff, 30 mm). US imaging findings were retrospectively analyzed. Results: All tumors in patients with a small HML (<30 mm in diameter, small group, n = 14) were revealed as homogeneous hypo-echoic type (100%), with penetrating sign observed in only 1 patient. Tumors in 11 patients in the small group, examined with CEUS, showed homogeneous enhancement in the early vascular phase (91%) and a washout pattern in the portal phase (100%), and they were revealed as defective in the post-vascular phase (100%). In the large group (≥30 mm; n = 11), tumors were revealed as a heterogeneous hypo-echoic lesion in 10 (91%) and penetrating sign was observed in 8 (73%). Dilatation of the distal intrahepatic bile duct by the tumor was observed in 4 patients in the large group. In 7 large group patients examined with CEUS, imaging findings in the early vascular phase varied, with 5 (71%) showing a washout pattern in the portal phase and 5 (71%) revealed as defective in the post-vascular phase. Conclusion: We found that US imaging features of HML differ depending on the tumor diameter.

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“…The diagnostic performance of various imaging modalities for HCC, such as ultrasound [8][9][10] , multidetector-row CT (MDCT) [11,12] , angiography-assisted CT [13] , and MRI [14] has improved notably, and small HCC less than 2 cm in diameter can be detected. The diagnostic performance of CT during hepatic arteriography and CT during arteriography for small hypervascular HCC have been reported to be the most sensitive [15][16][17] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Hypervascular Hypointense Hepatic Nodules during the Hepatobiliary Phase of Gadolinium-Ethoxybenzyl-Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetic Acid-Enhanced MRI as a Risk Factor of Intrahepatic Distant Recurrence after Radiofrequency Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Inomata

Imai

Igura

et al. 2017

Dig Dis

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Background: Non-hypervascular hypointense hepatic nodules during the hepatobiliary phase of gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced MRI have been reported to be associated with intrahepatic distant recurrence (IDR) after hepatectomy or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). IDR is categorized into hypervascular transformation of non-hypervascular hypointense hepatic nodules and new intrahepatic recurrence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between non-hypervascular hypointense hepatic nodules on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and IDR after RFA, focusing on new intrahepatic recurrence. Methods: Ninety-one consecutive patients with 115 HCCs undergoing pretreatment Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and RFA for treatment of HCC were enrolled. Results: Of the 91 patients who underwent RFA for HCC, 24 had non-hypervascular hypointense hepatic nodules on pretreatment Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI. Recurrences were observed in 15 and 19 patients with and without non-hypervascular hypointense hepatic nodules, respectively. Of the 15 recurrences in patients with non-hypervascular hypointense hepatic nodules, 10 patients had new intrahepatic recurrences. The cumulative incidence of new intrahepatic recurrence was significantly higher in patients with non-hypervascular hypointense hepatic nodules than in those without non-hypervascular hypointense hepatic nodules (p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of non-hypervascular hypointense hepatic nodules and Child-Pugh score were independent risk factors for new intrahepatic recurrence. Conclusions: Non-hypervascular hypointense hepatic nodules during the hepatobiliary phase of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI were a useful predictive factor for IDR, particularly for new intrahepatic recurrence, after RFA.

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Imaging Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Recent Advances of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography with SonoVue®

Cited by 22 publications

References 68 publications

Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer in China (2017 Edition)

Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer in China (2017 Edition)

Abdominal Ultrasound Findings of Tumor-Forming Hepatic Malignant Lymphoma

Non-Hypervascular Hypointense Hepatic Nodules during the Hepatobiliary Phase of Gadolinium-Ethoxybenzyl-Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetic Acid-Enhanced MRI as a Risk Factor of Intrahepatic Distant Recurrence after Radiofrequency Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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