Imaging Diagnosis: Mineralization of the Aorta, Celiac and Cranial Mesenteric Arteries in a Cat With Chronic Renal Failure

Keppie, Nathan J.; Nelson, Nathan C.; Rosenstein, Diana S.

doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.2005.00107.x

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…In contrast, there were not severe changes in the number and the distribution of platelets in the course of the disorder. Anaemic findings in this animal agreed with the results described in another report of a cat with chronic renal failure [6]. It was probable that this anaemia resulted from hepatic or renal dysfunction in erythropoiesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…There were no clinical signs such as jaundice in the terminal stage, even though Bil levels increased 5 times or more in the third examination. The present results from this Southern tamandua closely resembled those reported in previous studies in feline aortic sclerosis affected with chronic renal failure [6,7]. Glu concentrations fell precipitously in the third examination, suggesting unfavourable outcome.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Arterial medial calcification (aortic calcification and arterial mineralization) observed in animals is equivalent to Mönckeberg's sclerosis in human beings. This lesion is also rarely reported in domestic animals [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. In contrast, little information is available concerning the occurrence of atherosclerosis and arterial medial calcification in zoo animals, excluding aged parrots [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arterial medial calcification (Mönckeberg’s sclerosis) with chronic renal disease in a zoo-kept Southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla)

Kimura

Inaka

2021

International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine

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Arterial medial calcification observed in animals is equivalent to Mönckeberg's sclerosis in human beings. This lesion is rarely reported in domestic animals. In addition, little information is available concerning the occurrence of arterial medial calcification in zoo animals. The aim of the current work was to report arterial medial calcification incidentally encountered in a Southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla). This paper described the clinical findings, haematological and serum biochemical profiles, and histopathological results. Haematological examinations showed decreases in white blood cell counts, erythrocytic parameters and platelets. In serum biochemical examinations, both of the creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels markedly increased in this study. Glucose concentrations dramatically declined from the normal levels to the critical conditions. There was electrolytic imbalance which was not accompanied by increases in calcium and inorganic phosphorus concentrations.Enzyme activities (ALP, AST, ALP, γ-GT, LDH and CK) remarkably increased just before the animal died. Histopathological examinations revealed that this marked and thickened calcification extended linearly around the circumference of the vessels. The calcified deposits were located entirely within the medial layer of the arterial wall. The lesions showed involvement of the internal elastic lamina with calcification. Severe calcification was observed in the glomerular capsules, indicating serious chronic kidney disease. We concluded that arterial medial calcification in the Southern tamandua arose with progressing chronic kidney failure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Arterial medial calcification (Mönckeberg’s sclerosis) with chronic renal disease in a zoo-kept Southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla)

Kimura

Inaka

2021

International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine

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“…Ascending aortic mineralization has also been associated with chronic septic necrotizing endarteritis with secondary perforation and hemopericardium in a dog . In the cat, aortic mineralization has been associated with chronic renal failure and hypertension with arteriosclerosis . In dogs with spirocercosis, aortic wall mineralizations have been found to be caused by dystrophic mineralization and metaplastic ossification of the aortic wall after larval migration induced purulent panarteritis .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed Tomographic and Radiographic Characteristics of Aortic Lesions in 42 Dogs With Spirocercosis

Kirberger

Stander

Cassel

et al. 2013

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Spirocerca lupi is a common cause of vomiting, regurgitation, and sudden death in dogs that live in tropical or subtropical regions. Sudden death due to aortic rupture may occur with no preceding clinical signs. The purpose of this prospective study was to compare radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) characteristics of aortic lesions in a cohort of 42 dogs with endoscopically confirmed spirocercosis. Dorsoventral and right lateral recumbent thoracic radiographic findings were compared with pre- and postcontrast thoracic CT findings. Aortic mineralization was detected using CT in 18/42 dogs (43%). Three dogs had faint diffuse aortic wall mineralization. Using CT as the reference standard, radiographs had a sensitivity and specificity of 6% and 96%, respectively, for detecting aortic mineralization. A total of 20 aortic aneurysms were detected using CT in 15/42 dogs (36%). Using CT as the reference standard, radiographs had a sensitivity and specificity of 86% and 56%, respectively, for detecting aortic aneurysms. Respiratory motion, aortic displacement by esophageal masses and Spirocerca nodules adjacent to the aorta mimicked aneurysm formation on radiographs. Aortic thrombi were seen in two dogs in postcontrast CT images. Findings from this study indicated that aortic mineralization and aneurysm formation are common in dogs with spirocercosis. Findings also supported the use of pre- and postcontrast CT as effective methods for detecting and characterizing these lesions.

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“…In recent reports in human medicine, renal cortical echogenicity has been quantitatively evaluated in comparison with that of the liver or spleen (Manley and O’Neill, 2001; Moghazi et al., 2005; Chi et al., 2006; Vehmas and Kaukiainen, 2006). This method is also commonly used in cats as an internal standard in evaluating renal cortical echogenicity in general clinical examination (Nyland and Mattoon, 2002; Keppie et al., 2006); however, the evaluation of renal cortical echogenicity using internal standards in this manner is subjective, with no quantitative data available at present for cats. Therefore, in this study we performed histogram analyses of the renal cortical echogenicity of clinically normal cats using the liver and spleen as internal standards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Assessment of Renal Cortical Echogenicity in Clinically Normal Cats

Yabuki¹,

Endo

Sakamoto³

et al. 2008

Anat Histol Embryol

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In this study, we assessed the renal cortical echogenicity of clinically normal adult cats by histogram analysis to obtain basic ultrasonographic data. Ultrasound images were taken under the following sets of conditions: (1) high contrast and low gain setting using a convex probe, (2) low contrast and high gain setting using a convex probe, (3) high contrast and low gain setting using a linear probe and (4) low contrast and high gain setting using a linear probe. Echogenicity of the region of interest (ROI) in the right and left renal cortices, liver and spleen was determined by histogram analysis; kidney/spleen (Kid/Sp) and kidney/liver (Kid/Liv) echogenicity ratios were calculated. Kid/Sp and Kid/Liv values varied among different ROI sites in the kidney when obtained using the convex probe, but were constant when obtained using the linear probe. Kid/Sp measured in the middle sites of the kidney showed similar values for the different settings; however, Kid/Liv differed between probes. The present findings suggest that determination of Kid/Sp using a linear probe is a feasible method for quantitative evaluation of renal cortical echogenicity in cats.

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Imaging Diagnosis: Mineralization of the Aorta, Celiac and Cranial Mesenteric Arteries in a Cat With Chronic Renal Failure

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Arterial medial calcification (Mönckeberg’s sclerosis) with chronic renal disease in a zoo-kept Southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla)

Arterial medial calcification (Mönckeberg’s sclerosis) with chronic renal disease in a zoo-kept Southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla)

Computed Tomographic and Radiographic Characteristics of Aortic Lesions in 42 Dogs With Spirocercosis

Quantitative Assessment of Renal Cortical Echogenicity in Clinically Normal Cats

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