Imaging Diagnosis—left Retrocaval Ureter and Transposition of the Caudal Vena Cava in a Dog

Duconseille, A. C.; Louvet, Arnaud; Lazard, P.; Valentin, Suzy; Molho, M.

doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01621.x

Cited by 13 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The imaging features of abdominal congenital vascular malformations, such as congenital portosystemic shunts, arterioportal malformations, azygos continuation of the caudal vena cava with and without concomitant portosystemic shunt, retrocaval ureter, caudal vena cava duplication, and caudal vena cava and portal vein aplasia, have been well described . In addition, MDCT anatomical criteria have been established for the diagnosis and classification of arterio‐portal malformation and a systematic “step‐by‐step” approach has been proposed for the ultrasonographic diagnosis of portosystemic shunts …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic imaging for the assessment of acquired abdominal vascular diseases in small animals: A pictorial review

Specchi

d’Anjou

2019

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Advances in interventional radiology and surgical techniques now allow complex abdominal diseases to be more successfully treated in small animals. Abdominal vascular alterations, acquired as individual process or as complication of other lesions such as neoplasia, can be life‐threatening or at least greatly limit curative interventions of underlying diseases. Computed tomography (CT) and high‐definition ultrasonography are now readily available in veterinary referral centers. Yet, there is little information currently available on the use of these modalities for the diagnosis and characterization of these vascular alterations. The purpose of this article is to review the CT and ultrasonographic findings of acquired vascular diseases in the abdomen of dogs and cats, using both the veterinary and human medicine literature as references, and highlighting essential concepts through figures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic imaging for the assessment of acquired abdominal vascular diseases in small animals: A pictorial review

Specchi

d’Anjou

2019

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…The left‐sidedness variant is rare in dogs and humans . Based on our review of the literature, this type has been published in only one dog, concurrent with a retrocaval ureter . This type of CVC is derived from the regression of the right supracardinal vein and the persistence of the left supracardinal vein .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, only a few reports of canine CVC variants have been published. Duplication, transposition, azygos continuation, and segmental aplasia of the CVC and abnormal ureteral course affected by CVC transposition have been reported in dogs and cats . A previous study in dogs showed a prevalence of CVC duplication of 2.08% and a significant association between CVC duplication and extrahepatic portosystemic shunt .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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CT variants of the caudal vena cava in 121 small breed dogs

Ryu

Choi

et al. 2019

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Computed tomography is increasingly used as a treatment planning method in canine patients with diseases of the retroperitoneum, however, published information on normal variations in the caudal vena cava (CVC) are currently lacking. The objectives of this retrospective descriptive study were to characterize CVC variants using CT angiography in a sample of small breed dogs and localize the CVC bifurcations for each variant. Inclusion criteria were small breed dogs (weight ≤ 15) that underwent contrast‐enhanced CT scans of the CVC, abdominal aorta, and CVC tributaries. A total of 121 small breed dogs were sampled. Four right‐sided and one left‐sided CVC variations were identified: normal (88/121, 72.7%), caudal‐partial split (17/121, 14.0%), partial duplication (8/121, 6.6%), complete duplication (7/121, 5.8%), and left‐sidedness (1/121, 0.8%). The mean lumbar vertebral levels of the CVC bifurcation were L6.39 ± 0.41, L5.70 ± 0.35, L4.39 ± 0.42, L2.74 ± 0.38, and L6.4 in the normal, caudal‐partial split, partial duplication, complete duplication, and left‐sidedness types, respectively. The location of the CVC bifurcation, the relationship between the aortic trifurcation and the CVC bifurcation, and the location of the bilateral deep circumflex iliac veins with respect to the CVC bifurcation were significantly different among the right‐sided types (P ≤ .001). Bilateral deep circumflex iliac veins joined to the ipsilateral common iliac veins and the CVC in the caudal‐partial split and duplication types, respectively. The results of this study indicated that canine CVC variants may be frequent and should be considered during surgery or diagnostic imaging of the retroperitoneum.

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“…[4] While the diagnosis of circumcaval ureter in an excreting kidney can be made by CTU or in a non-excreting kidney might be suggested by a non-contrast CT, this series of seven cases illustrates the ability of MRU to clearly depict relevant anatomic relationships and provide confirmatory diagnosis without radiation exposure or the use of contrast medium. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the largest series describing MRU findings of circumcaval ureter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appearances of the circumcaval ureter on excretory urography and MR urography: A single-center case series

Muthusami

Ananthakrishnan

2013

Indian J Radiol Imaging

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Objectives:To describe Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU) appearances of the circumcaval ureter, a rare congenital cause of hydronephrosis.Materials and Methods:Seven cases of circumcaval ureter, suspected on intravenous urography (IVU), underwent subsequent static MRU using heavily T2-weighted sequences.Results:The various appearances of circumcaval ureter on IVU and MRU were studied and compared. The circumcaval portion of the ureter was especially well seen on axial MRU sections, though this portion was routinely not visualized on IVU. In one case with a ureteric calculus, MRU also depicted a circumcaval course of the ureter, thus providing a complete diagnosis. In yet another case, where a circumcaval ureter was suspected on IVU, MRU proved the actual cause of ureteric obstruction to be a crossing vessel.Conclusion:Static MRU using heavily T2-weighted coronal and axial sequences can make or exclude the diagnosis of circumcaval ureter unequivocally.

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Imaging Diagnosis—left Retrocaval Ureter and Transposition of the Caudal Vena Cava in a Dog

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Diagnostic imaging for the assessment of acquired abdominal vascular diseases in small animals: A pictorial review

Diagnostic imaging for the assessment of acquired abdominal vascular diseases in small animals: A pictorial review

CT variants of the caudal vena cava in 121 small breed dogs

Appearances of the circumcaval ureter on excretory urography and MR urography: A single-center case series

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