Imaging correlates of posterior cortical atrophy

Whitwell, Jennifer L.; Jack, Clifford R.; Kantarci, Kejal; Weigand, Stephen D.; Boeve, Bradley F.; Knopman, David S.; Drubach, Daniel A.; Tang‐Wai, David F.; Petersen, Ronald C.; Josephs, Keith A.

doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.05.026

Cited by 183 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…50 MR imaging demonstrates gray matter atrophy involving the occipital, parietal, and posterior temporal lobes, often more pronounced on the right side (On-line Fig 3). 51 In patients with visual hallucinations, additional regions involved include the primary visual cortex, thalamus, basal nuclei, midbrain, basal forebrain, and posterior frontal and medial temporal lobes. 49 Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration.…”

Section: 45mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing Neuroimaging Features in Patients Presenting with Visual Hallucinations

Winton-Brown¹,

Ting

Mocellin³

et al. 2016

American Journal of Neuroradiology

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SUMMARY:Visual hallucinations are relatively uncommon presentations in medical and psychiatric clinics, where they are generally regarded as a marker of possible underlying "organic" brain disease. Thus, patients with visual hallucinations are often referred for imaging of the brain. This article presents a pragmatic approach for the radiologist reviewing such imaging. Because conditions that can present with visual hallucinations are legion, a familiarity with the features of the hallucinations themselves, which can serve as clues to the underlying cause, can be helpful in interpreting such cases. We consider the nature of visual hallucinations and the mechanisms underlying their formation. We then provide a framework to guide the search for their cause, first in terms of focal lesions along the visual pathway and then global conditions affecting Ͼ1 region. ABBREVIATIONS:CJD ϭ Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; VH ϭ visual hallucination

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Section: 45mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing Neuroimaging Features in Patients Presenting with Visual Hallucinations

Winton-Brown¹,

Ting

Mocellin³

et al. 2016

American Journal of Neuroradiology

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“…The most frequently cited neuropsychological deficits in PCA are visuospatial and visuoperceptual impairments, alexia and features of Balint's syndrome (simultanagnosia, oculomotor apraxia, optic ataxia, environmental agnosia) and Gerstmann's syndrome (acalculia, agraphia, finger agnosia, left/right disorientation) 15,17,[19][20][21][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] . Working memory deficits and limb apraxia have also been emphasised 20 .…”

Section: Neuropsychological Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posterior Cortical Atrophy

Delamont

Harrison²,

Field³

et al. 2009

Encyclopedia of Neuroscience

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Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a neurodegenerative syndrome that is characterized by a progressive decline in visuospatial, visuoperceptual, literacy and praxic skills. The progressive neurodegeneration affecting parietal, occipital and occipito-temporal cortices which underlies PCA is attributable to Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the majority of patients. However, alternative underlying aetiologies including Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and prion disease have also been identified, and not all PCA patients have atrophy on clinical imaging. This heterogeneity has led to diagnostic and terminological inconsistencies, caused difficulty comparing studies from different centres, and limited the generalizability of clinical trials and investigations of factors driving phenotypic variability. Significant challenges remain in identifying the factors associated with both the selective vulnerability of posterior cortical regions and the young age of onset seen in PCA. Greater awareness of the syndrome and agreement over the correspondence between syndrome-and disease-level classifications are required in order to improve diagnostic accuracy, research study design and clinical management.

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“…Previous whole-brain cross-sectional MRI studies (which used voxel-based morphometry to compare gray matter volume differences and FreeSurfer to compare cortical thickness) have shown distinct atrophy patterns in subjects with PCA as compared to tAD with PCA showing greater atrophy in the right occipital cortex [Whitwell et al, 2007] and in the posterior parietal cortex (most markedly in the right posterior parietal cortex) [Lehmann et al, 2011] compared with tAD subjects and tAD subjects showing greater atrophy in the left medial temporal lobe compared to PCA [Lehmann et al, 2011;Whitwell et al, 2007]. A reduction in gray matter volume was observed in the right hippocampus in PCA as compared with controls using voxel-based morphometry [Whitwell et al, 2007].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A reduction in gray matter volume was observed in the right hippocampus in PCA as compared with controls using voxel-based morphometry [Whitwell et al, 2007]. However there has been no study to date that has specifically assessed hippocampal volume and/or shape differences in PCA subjects as compared with controls and tAD subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

O5‐01‐02: Differential Hippocampal Shapes in Posterior Cortical Atrophy Patients: A Comparison With Control and Typical Ad Subjects

Manning

Macdonald

Leung³

et al. 2014

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by predominant visual deficits and parieto-occipital atrophy, and is typically associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. In AD, assessment of hippocampal atrophy is widely used in diagnosis, research, and clinical trials; its utility in PCA remains unclear. Given the posterior emphasis of PCA, we hypothesized that hippocampal shape measures may give additional group differentiation information compared with wholehippocampal volume assessments. We investigated hippocampal volume and shape in subjects with PCA (n 5 47), typical AD (n 5 29), and controls (n 5 48). Hippocampi were outlined on MRI scans and their 3D meshes were generated. We compared hippocampal volume and shape between disease groups. Mean adjusted hippocampal volumes were 8% smaller in PCA subjects (P < 0.001) and~22% smaller in tAD subject (P < 0.001) compared with controls. Significant inward deformations in the superior hippocampal tail were observed in PCA compared with controls even after adjustment for hippocampal volume. Inward deformations in large areas of the hippocampus were seen in tAD subjects compared with controls and PCA subjects, but only localized shape differences remained after adjusting for hippocampal volume. The shape differences observed, even allowing for volume differences, suggest that PCA and tAD are each associated

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Imaging correlates of posterior cortical atrophy

Cited by 183 publications

References 62 publications

Distinguishing Neuroimaging Features in Patients Presenting with Visual Hallucinations

Distinguishing Neuroimaging Features in Patients Presenting with Visual Hallucinations

Posterior Cortical Atrophy

O5‐01‐02: Differential Hippocampal Shapes in Posterior Cortical Atrophy Patients: A Comparison With Control and Typical Ad Subjects

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