Imaging characteristics of an axisymmetric, grazing incidence x-ray microscope designed for laser fusion research

Boyle, Michael J.; Ahlstrom, H.G.

doi:10.1063/1.1135605

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…The energy output is dramatically improved, pri marily because high-damage-threshold, uncoated lenses will be used at critical damage points. These improve ments have decreased the number of chains from 48 to 40 and simplified the chain design with fewer compo nents, while increasing the overall system performance.…”

Section: Nova Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We are now entering Title I engineering design, having completed the Construction, Planning, and Design (CP&D) over approximately 20 months in 1976 and 1977. Systems tradeoffs and optimization that have led to the current design are covered in detail in the CP&D preliminary (1976), 42 interim (1977)," and final (1978) 44 reports, approximately 1700 pages in three volumes. These reports reference over 8000 pages in 300 additional reports and publications concerned with technical and management aspects of the Nova project.…”

Section: Documentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser program annual report, 1977. Volume 1

Bender¹,

Jarman

1978

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This report, which is in two volumes, contains reviews and articles that describe the unclassified ac tivities of the Laser Program at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, during the calendar year 1977. It is one of a continuing series of reports that chronicle the annual activities of the laser program; the reports were published semiannually from 1971 to 197' =»nd yearly since then. Our laser program is sponsored by the Department of Energy (DOE). It represents an expansion of the program sponsored by the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) and originated by the Atomic Energy Commission.Our goal from the onset of producing the 1977 annual has been to generate a timely report of suf ficient technical depth to allow the reported results to be reproducible. We hope that many of our reported data and analyses will benefit the laser and inertial confinement communities.Organization of the report is similar to that of our laser program. After an initial overview of the program itself (Section 1), we describe major facilities for laser irradiation and diagnostics (Section 2). Then we report on our ongoing studies in theoretical/experimental laser fusion (Sections 3 through 6), followed by a discussion of our activities in evaluating high-power, short-wavelength lasers for power reactors (Section 7). System studies-the key to developing and understanding various laser fusion applications (power reactors, weapons, etc.)-are reported in Section 8. Unclassified studies in laser isotope separation and laser-induced chemistry are described briefly in Section 9. Note that Volume 1 contains Sections 1,2, and 3. The remaining sections are published in Volume 2. Each year's report is a product of hard work and cooperation by many people. And this year's report is no exception. The scientific staff of the laser program devoted extra time and effort to write technical arti cles of very high quality in the face of conflicting demands. Also, the program's clerical staff worked long hours to type and correct the articles in preparation for editing, Doris Hine and Olga Parker gathered the many required illustrations, and I am indebted to them for their patience and perseverance. I especially thank Karen Wenzinger Holtz for her dedication and efficiency in coordinating all elements of the report between the laser program and the Technical Information Department (TID). I acknowledge the cooperation and help of TID members in preparing the report for publication: Chuck McCaleb, who, along wiih Phil Coyle of the laser program, acquainted me with what pitfalls to expect; 3ill Hamilton, for the many hours of consultation on design aspects of the report; Wilma Leon, for her guidance and coordination of the illustrative and layout work; Mary Phelps, for her constant cooperation and liaison in handling the composition; and TID editors

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Section: Nova Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Documentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser program annual report, 1977. Volume 1

Bender¹,

Jarman

1978

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“…In this sense, electroless nickel of an amorphous structure is one of excellent materials in the SPDT. In addition, electroless nickel has been widely used in industrial and optical applications [5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-point diamond turning of electroless nickel for flat X-ray mirror

Chon

Namba

2010

J Mech Sci Technol

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X-ray mirrors require a super-smooth surface to prevent strong X-ray scattering. We examined the fabrication possibility of the X-ray mirror by single-point diamond turning (SPDT) for electroless nickel. The stable and unstable cutting modes for the electroless nickel were obtained by observing the relative position of a diamond tool for machining. A super-smooth surface of 0.95 nm rms was achieved within the stable cutting mode. The surface roughness of the electroless nickel mirror measured with an optical profiler was compared with the X-ray reflectivity measurement. The electroless nickel mirror could be successfully used as a soft X-ray reflector and a low-pass filter for the hard X-rays.

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“…Using grazing incidence axisymmetric mirrors, such as an ellipsoidal mirror or a Wolter type I mirror, [12][13][14] is possible since they provide high reflectivity for x-rays with a grazing incidence angle below the critical angle. For example, the reflectivity of a SiO 2 surface with 2-nm rms roughness for oxygen Kα unpolarized x-ray photons with a grazing incidence angle of 1.5…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory-size three-dimensional x-ray microscope with Wolter type I mirror optics and an electron-impact water window x-ray source

Ohsuka

Ohba

Onoda

et al. 2014

Review of Scientific Instruments

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We constructed a laboratory-size three-dimensional water window x-ray microscope that combines wide-field transmission x-ray microscopy with tomographic reconstruction techniques, and observed bio-medical samples to evaluate its applicability to life science research fields. It consists of a condenser and an objective grazing incidence Wolter type I mirror, an electron-impact type oxygen Kα x-ray source, and a back-illuminated CCD for x-ray imaging. A spatial resolution limit of around 1.0 line pairs per micrometer was obtained for two-dimensional transmission images, and 1-μm scale three-dimensional fine structures were resolved.

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Imaging characteristics of an axisymmetric, grazing incidence x-ray microscope designed for laser fusion research

Cited by 25 publications

References 14 publications

Laser program annual report, 1977. Volume 1

Laser program annual report, 1977. Volume 1

Single-point diamond turning of electroless nickel for flat X-ray mirror

Laboratory-size three-dimensional x-ray microscope with Wolter type I mirror optics and an electron-impact water window x-ray source

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