Imagined Timed Up and Go Test

Beauchet, Olivier; Annweiler, Cédric; Assal, Frédéric; Bridenbaugh, Stephanie A.; Herrmann, Françoís; Kressig, Reto W.; Allali, Gilles

doi:10.1037/t62201-000

Cited by 2 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Similarly, for the case of OY comparisons, age differences were identified as one of the most important factors leading to heterogeneity among the study populations. Age differences between OY cohorts were classified into four categories: mean age difference less than 40 years [66]; between 40 and less than 45 years [8,35] between 45 and 50 [34,59,64,65,67,68,[76][77][78][79][80][81]; and greater than 50 [6,63,82 -84].…”

Section: Statistical Heterogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two linear measures, s.d. of stride time [6,59] and step time [80,81,85,86], were reported for studies with different age categories for experimental and control groups (figure 4). In both cases, measures estimated on cohort groups with the age difference of 50 years and above yielded higher ES values compared with cohort groups with a mean age difference of 45 to less than 50.…”

Section: Old Versus Young Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, all studies in this review that reported significant differences ( p-values , 0.05) between cohorts (OY and FNF) demonstrated higher variability (linear as well as nonlinear measurements) for old adult and stride time (s.d.) [64] stride time (CV) [6,34,52,59,68] stride length (CV) [59,67] step width (s.d.) [64,77,80,81,85] step width (CV) [59,52,67] step time (s.d.)…”

Section: Combined Old Versus Young and Fallers Versus Non-fallers Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[64] stride time (CV) [6,34,52,59,68] stride length (CV) [59,67] step width (s.d.) [64,77,80,81,85] step width (CV) [59,52,67] step time (s.d.) [80,81,85,86] step length (s.d.)…”

Section: Combined Old Versus Young and Fallers Versus Non-fallers Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[80,81,85,86] step length (s.d.) [64,77,81,85] step length (CV) [52] stance time (CV) [59] MinFC (IQR) [78] MaxFC (s.d.) [34] MaxFC (CV) [34] DST (CV) [52] effect size (Cohen's d) foot (l_l) [34,65] foot (l_s) [34,65] step left (FMmax) [35,65] step left (FMmean) [35] step right (FMmax) [35] step right (FMmean) [35] stride (FMmax) [35] stride (FMmean) [35] stride time (INC) [6] stride time (NSI) [6] stride time (a) [6] effect size (Cohen's d) faller groups, respectively (except Maki [53]).…”

Section: Combined Old Versus Young and Fallers Versus Non-fallers Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinematic measures for assessing gait stability in elderly individuals: a systematic review

Hamacher

Singh

Dieën

et al. 2011

J. R. Soc. Interface.

333

281

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Falls not only present a considerable health threat, but the resulting treatment and loss of working days also place a heavy economic burden on society. Gait instability is a major fall risk factor, particularly in geriatric patients, and walking is one of the most frequent dynamic activities of daily living. To allow preventive strategies to become effective, it is therefore imperative to identify individuals with an unstable gait. Assessment of dynamic stability and gait variability via biomechanical measures of foot kinematics provides a viable option for quantitative evaluation of gait stability, but the ability of these methods to predict falls has generally not been assessed. Although various methods for assessing gait stability exist, their sensitivity and applicability in a clinical setting, as well as their cost-effectiveness, need verification. The objective of this systematic review was therefore to evaluate the sensitivity of biomechanical measures that quantify gait stability among elderly individuals and to evaluate the cost of measurement instrumentation required for application in a clinical setting. To assess gait stability, a comparative effect size (Cohen's d ) analysis of variability and dynamic stability of foot trajectories during level walking was performed on 29 of an initial yield of 9889 articles from four electronic databases. The results of this survey demonstrate that linear variability of temporal measures of swing and stance was most capable of distinguishing between fallers and non-fallers, whereas step width and stride velocity prove more capable of discriminating between old versus young (OY) adults. In addition, while orbital stability measures (Floquet multipliers) applied to gait have been shown to distinguish between both elderly fallers and non-fallers as well as between young and old adults, local stability measures (ls) have been able to distinguish between young and old adults. Both linear and nonlinear measures of foot time series during gait seem to hold predictive ability in distinguishing healthy from fall-prone elderly adults. In conclusion, biomechanical measurements offer promise for identifying individuals at risk of falling and can be obtained with relatively low-cost tools. Incorporation of the most promising measures in combined retrospective and prospective studies for understanding fall risk and designing preventive strategies is warranted.

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Section: Statistical Heterogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Old Versus Young Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Combined Old Versus Young and Fallers Versus Non-fallers Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[64] stride time (CV) [6,34,52,59,68] stride length (CV) [59,67] step width (s.d.) [64,77,80,81,85] step width (CV) [59,52,67] step time (s.d.) [80,81,85,86] step length (s.d.)…”

Section: Combined Old Versus Young and Fallers Versus Non-fallers Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Combined Old Versus Young and Fallers Versus Non-fallers Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinematic measures for assessing gait stability in elderly individuals: a systematic review

Hamacher

Singh

Dieën

et al. 2011

J. R. Soc. Interface.

333

281

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Differential relationships between brain structure and dual task walking in young and older adults

Hupfeld

Geraghty

McGregor

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Almost 25% of all older adults experience difficulty walking. Mobility difficulties for older adults are more pronounced when performing a simultaneous cognitive task while walking (i.e., dual task walking). Although it is known that aging results in widespread brain atrophy, few studies have integrated across more than one neuroimaging modality to comprehensively examine the structural neural correlates that may underly dual task walking in older age. We collected spatiotemporal gait data during single and dual task walking for 37 young (18-34 years) and 23 older adults (66-86 years). We also collected T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI scans to determine how brain structure differs in older age and relates to dual task walking. We addressed two aims: 1) to characterize age differences in brain structure across a range of metrics including volumetric, surface, and white matter microstructure; and 2) to test for age group differences in the relationship between brain structure and the dual task cost (DTcost) of gait speed and variability. Key findings included widespread brain atrophy for the older adults, with the most pronounced age differences in brain regions related to sensorimotor processing. We also found multiple associations between regional brain atrophy and greater DTcost of gait speed and variability for the older adults. The older adults showed a relationship of both thinner temporal cortex and shallower sulcal depth in the frontal, sensorimotor, and parietal cortices with greater DTcost of gait. Additionally, the older adults showed a relationship of ventricular volume and superior longitudinal fasciculus free-water corrected axial and radial diffusivity with greater DTcost of gait. These relationships were not present for the young adults. Stepwise multiple regression found sulcal depth in the left precentral gyrus, axial diffusivity in the superior longitudinal fasciculus, and sex to best predict DTcost of gait speed, and cortical thickness in the superior temporal gyrus to best predict DTcost of gait variability for older adults. These results contribute to scientific understanding of how individual variations in brain structure are associated with mobility function in aging. This has implications for uncovering mechanisms of brain aging and for identifying target regions for mobility interventions for aging populations.CONTRIBUTION TO THE FIELDOlder age is associated with poorer mobility, including difficulties in performing a cognitive task while walking (i.e., dual task walking). Our work contributes to the field by examining multimodal structural neuroimaging data to characterize how brain structure relates to dual task walking in young versus older adults. We extracted multiple indices from T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans that describe morphological characteristics of brain gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid. We analyzed MRI and gait data from 37 young (18-34 years) and 23 older (66-86 years) adults. We identified multiple relationships between regional brain atrophy and greater dual task costs (DTcosts) to gait, i.e., greater slowing of gait speed and greater increases in gait variability from single to dual task walking. Specifically, for the older adults only, thinner temporal cortex and shallower sulcal depth in the frontal, sensorimotor, and parietal cortices were associated with larger DTcosts to walking. Additionally, for the older adults only, ventricular volume and superior longitudinal fasciculus free-water corrected axial and radial diffusivity were associated with larger DTcosts. These findings illustrate that temporal, frontoparietal and sensorimotor brain structures are associated with walking DTcosts in older adults, highlighting potential targets for interventions.

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Imagined Timed Up and Go Test

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Kinematic measures for assessing gait stability in elderly individuals: a systematic review

Kinematic measures for assessing gait stability in elderly individuals: a systematic review

Differential relationships between brain structure and dual task walking in young and older adults

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