Imagined Statehood: Wartime Rebel Governance and Post-war Subnational Identity in Sri Lanka

Kubota, Yuichi

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.09.007

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Ideally, intelligence capacity improved by military integration would be used for more selective targeting and to restrain and limit violence against civilians (Kalyvas 2006), 14 and would also inform nonviolent actions aimed at redressing anti-government grievances. Even defeated rebel groups may retain legitimacy in areas where they held influence, and integrating ex-rebels may be better from a human rights perspective and in costs and effectiveness of governance, instead of violently crushing the rebellion as occurred in Sri Lanka (Kubota 2017). At the least, debates and assessments regarding military integration should account for intelligence effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Military integration and intelligence capacity: informational effects of incorporating former rebels

Thaler

2021

Political Research Exchange

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Military integration seeks to improve counterinsurgency and peacebuilding outcomes by incorporating former rebels into preexisting or new state security forces during or after civil wars. While peacebuilders continue to promote military integration, there is mixed evidence about its effectiveness and the mechanisms through which it affects counterinsurgency and peace duration. One underexplored mechanism is the effect of military integration on intelligence capacity and the information available to security forces. Information is key to successful counterinsurgency and peacebuilding efforts, and I argue that military integration of ex-rebels can improve intelligence capacity by providing gains in knowledge of human and physical geography, access to preexisting social networks and informants, and knowledge of the relative effectiveness of government and rebel tactics. I illustrate these improvements with evidence from conflicts across time and space and brief case narratives from the Philippines, Uganda, and Rwanda. I conclude by discussing policy implications, cases of unsuccessful integration and negative effects on intelligence, and questions for future research on the intelligence aspect of military integration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Military integration and intelligence capacity: informational effects of incorporating former rebels

Thaler

2021

Political Research Exchange

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“…This situation is aggravated by the disintegration of social networks and the depletion of important elements of the social, economic and political capital of the poor. A significant majority of victims from Yendi conflict were local (Kubota, ). In 2002, almost 34.8 million persons across the globe were compelled to seek asylum in other jurisdictions or somewhere inside national borders owing to conflicts (Justino, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living in protracted communal conflict: Socioeconomic trends and household poverty in Ghana's Yendi area

Adonteng‐Kissi

Adonteng-Kissi

Jibril

et al. 2020

Development Policy Review

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Motivation The conflict in Yendi, which dates to the colonial period, was one of the major sources of conflict in northern Ghana. The conflict was partly attributed to the contention on whether it is a convention that succession to the Yendi throne must essentially rotate between the two warring royal factions or revert to the primogenital tradition of unilateral royal family succession to the Ya Na Skin. Purpose This article provides a critical synthesis of the impact of communal conflict on household poverty and economic empowerment of the poor to achieve decent standards of living in Ghana's Yendi area. It is therefore necessary to answer the research question, what is the impact of the Yendi communal conflict on socioeconomic trends and household poverty? Methods We aimed to ascertain the impact of the Yendi conflict on 20 local government officials, NGO representatives, traders, parents, teachers, students, farmers, nurses, members of the traditional authority and security personnel. The average age of participants was 35. Unstructured interviews were conducted with key informants using in‐depth interview techniques to gather the necessary data and purposively sampled across Ghana's Yendi. Interviews were recorded, transcribed using a framework approach Results The article finds that families that were rich in landed assets and had sufficient income but were most impacted by the conflict have seen their economic conditions deteriorate. This study further reveals that conflict impacts negatively on the welfare of families in different ways. Families endowed with more assets and higher education are identified as having better capacity to withstand economic shocks. Conclusion There is a need for agricultural industrialization to offer spin‐offs and the generation of backward and forward linkages. To create strong linkages within the agriculture industry, it must become a resourceful business environment that offers a steady supply of quality raw materials at low costs. Government must help transform the rural environment from its subsistence structure to a commercially appealing, feasible and active sector, one which is critical for the accomplishment of sustained equitable growth.

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“…While there are now a handful of studies that draw on fine-grained survey evidence (Bakke et al 2014;Bakke et al 2018;Kubota 2017;Kubota 2018) The Gbagbo government ordered civil servants to leave the north, and threatened to sack officials who did not comply (Hamer 2007). Most government bureaucrats, teachers and medical professionals soon fled the rebel zone.…”

Section: Motivation and Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, we add to the literature on rebel governance. While past studies on rebel control of civilians are empirically rich, the literature on the individual-level legacies of rebel rule remains embryonic (but see Bakke et al, 2014; Huang, 2016; Kubota, 2017; 2018; Albert, 2020). This study leverages a rare natural experiment that sheds light on the political consequences of insurgent control of civilians.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rebel rule can also create space for the construction of enduring forms of social solidarity and non-state governance that may later rival the post-conflict state, potentially further weakening democratic citizenship. For example, Kubota (2017) argues that governance by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelan (LTTE) in Sri Lanka supplanted and co-opted state institutions, creating impediments to citizen trust and identification with the post-conflict government. Martin et al (2021a) and Martin (2021) similarly found that many rebel-occupied communities in Côte d’Ivoire continued to rely on ex-rebel actors for informal services and protection, crowding out the role of redeployed police forces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Political Legacies of Rebel Rule: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Côte d’Ivoire

Martin

Piccolino

Speight

2022

Comparative Political Studies

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How does exposure to rebel rule affect citizens’ political attitudes after armed conflicts end? We combine original survey data from Côte d’Ivoire with a natural experiment based on the arbitrary location of a ceasefire boundary to estimate the effects of exposure to rebel rule by the Forces Nouvelles (FN) on Ivorians’ sense of democratic citizenship. Our findings show that individuals in communities ruled by the FN held more negative attitudes about local government institutions 7 years after the reunification of the country, held weaker commitments to civic obligations, and were more likely to condone extralegal actions. The effects of rebel rule are larger than the effects of extreme lived poverty and appear among both rebel coethnics and non-coethnics. Using qualitative and survey evidence, we propose three theoretical mechanisms to explain why exposure to rebel rule weakened citizen-state relations: disrupted norms of compliance with state-like authorities, the formation of local self-help institutions leading to negative assessments of the redeployed state, and resentment due to unmet expectations of economic recovery. Our study informs debates about the links between war, citizenship, and statebuilding.

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Imagined Statehood: Wartime Rebel Governance and Post-war Subnational Identity in Sri Lanka

Cited by 19 publications

References 41 publications

Military integration and intelligence capacity: informational effects of incorporating former rebels

Military integration and intelligence capacity: informational effects of incorporating former rebels

Living in protracted communal conflict: Socioeconomic trends and household poverty in Ghana's Yendi area

The Political Legacies of Rebel Rule: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Côte d’Ivoire

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