Images, Iconoclasm, and the Carolingians

Nanotechnological Icons

“…As Theodulf of Orléans wrote in response to a papal remark on the inevitable and generally praiseworthy use of images, "If he who scandalizes one of the least shall fall under the most dreaded sentence, how much more terrible will be the judgment against the one who either drives almost the whole church of Christ to adore images or binds with anathema those who spurn the adoration of images. Both should be avoided with great caution so, whether adhering to one party or the other, one does not do more than good order demands" ( [7], 158).…”

“…Ruling against the Iconoclastic Council at Hieria, the Seventh Ecumenical Council emphasized a number of times that "a visible icon of course communicates with the prototype only by name and not by nature". 7 The teaching of the Seventh Council was itself based on the theology of Maxim the Confessor and John of Damascus, the latter repeatedly stating: "As with his name so with his image." 8 So, in Byzantine theology, sacredness of an icon is due to it bearing the name of the depicted divinity rather than a physical resemblance with human features of the prototype.…”

“…A story invented in the 8th century by Pope Adrian I and popularized by Carolingian theologians describes Pope Sylvester I (314-335) bringing images of Peter and Paul to Emperor Constantine ( [7], 191). This was not done in order for Constantine to adore the images, as the 22 nm picture that I showed to my friend was, too, not to be adored.…”

Una aproximación desde la filosofía de la imagen a la investigación de la iconoclasia

“…En su estudio, Freedberg (2017) traza un mapa sobre los diferentes enfoques que ha tenido este fenómeno. La censura y la iconoclasia ha tenido distintas etapas en las que se han consolidado razones para su práctica (Noble 2009;Walden 2013;Kolrud & Prusac 2014;Verstegen 2014):…”

Essays in Archaeology and Archaeometry and the Hellenic Contribution to Egyptology

“…In some instances, it might be accompanied by the Virgin, St. John, the thieves, or other figures associated with the Passion, recorded on various materials (ivory, wood, textile, stone). Thus, rare objects of that period are of importance in the heritage field of art history and these need proper investigation [39][40][41][42][43].…”