Imagery rescripting of revenge, avoidance, and forgiveness for past bullying experiences in young adults

Watson, Hayley; Rapee, Ronald M.; Todorov, Natasha

doi:10.1080/16506073.2015.1108360

Cited by 27 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…Revenge motivations have been found to significantly predict whether a victim of bullying and/or cyberbullying turns into a bully, choosing a prior offender as the target for cyberbullying or a third person [7,25,26]. Revenge is associated with an increase in stress (e.g., [27]) and greater aggressiveness, anger, and hostility [25,28].…”

Section: The Mediating Role Of Unforgiveness Motivationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, some studies pointed out that this motivation can also constitute a risk factor. Although avoidance may restrain negative emotions in the short term [25], it can hamper the resolution of the transgression over time by amplifying stress (e.g., [24]) and unwanted thoughts and emotions (e.g., [25,32]). Thus, it is possible that after uncontrollable stress resulting from cybervictimization, some adolescents develop a response style of unwillingness to continue being subjected to it (i.e., avoidance) and, over time, this would increase aggressive behaviors in order to resolve ambiguous or harmful interactions with their peers [24,32].…”

Section: The Mediating Role Of Unforgiveness Motivationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their study, they did not find a mediational effect of avoidance between victimization and bullying aggression. A possible explanation may rely on the assumption that avoidance motivation may elicit empathy for the bully by decreasing negative affect, cognitive evaluations, and stress in the short term [25,52]. In fact, a combination of short-term avoidance and longer-term forgiveness has been suggested as a possible effective therapeutic intervention strategy for victims of bullying, avoidance being a first step in the forgiveness process [25].…”

Section: Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A possible explanation may rely on the assumption that avoidance motivation may elicit empathy for the bully by decreasing negative affect, cognitive evaluations, and stress in the short term [25,52]. In fact, a combination of short-term avoidance and longer-term forgiveness has been suggested as a possible effective therapeutic intervention strategy for victims of bullying, avoidance being a first step in the forgiveness process [25]. However, there are many gaps in these assumptions and future studies on the impact and relation between avoidance motivation and forgiveness are required [25].…”

Section: Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, a combination of short-term avoidance and longer-term forgiveness has been suggested as a possible effective therapeutic intervention strategy for victims of bullying, avoidance being a first step in the forgiveness process [25]. However, there are many gaps in these assumptions and future studies on the impact and relation between avoidance motivation and forgiveness are required [25].…”

Section: Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Serial Mediation Model of the Relationship between Cybervictimization and Cyberaggression: The Role of Stress and Unforgiveness Motivations

Quintana-Orts

Rey

Chamizo-Nieto

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Cyberaggression is often triggered by cybervictimization. However, little attention has been given to the underlying mechanisms in this relationship. Specifically, this study examined the mediating roles of stress as well as unforgiveness (i.e., revenge and avoidance motivations) in the cybervictimization-cyberbullying aggression link. The main goal is to investigate the direct and indirect effects of cybervictimization on cyberbullying aggression while modeling a process in which cybervictimization causes stress, which in turn causes unforgiveness motivations concluding with cyberbullying aggression as the consequent. A total of 979 adolescents (Mage = 13.72, SD = 1.31) completed the relevant scales at two time points spaced four months apart. The results confirm that stress and revenge motivation at Time 1 act as serial mediators between cybervictimization at Time 1 and cyberbullying behaviors at Time 2. Additionally, the results reveal that avoidance at Time 1 was not a significant mediator in the links between cybervictimization at Time 1 and cyberbullying aggression at Time 2. Our findings provide support for the stress-and-coping model of forgiveness in adolescence and offer original insight into the developmental process of bully-victims in cyberbullying context. These results suggest the importance of efforts addressing motivations and emotion-focused coping strategies in adolescents who have been bullied to prevent and reduce those adolescents’ future stress and aggressive behaviors. The contributions and implications of the results are discussed.

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Section: The Mediating Role Of Unforgiveness Motivationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Mediating Role Of Unforgiveness Motivationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A Serial Mediation Model of the Relationship between Cybervictimization and Cyberaggression: The Role of Stress and Unforgiveness Motivations

Quintana-Orts

Rey

Chamizo-Nieto

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Victim empowerment and satisfaction: The potential of imagery rescripting

Twardawski,

Gollwitzer,

Altenmüller

et al. 2024

Euro J Social Psych

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Imagery rescripting (ImRs) is a prominent approach to help individuals alleviate the negative consequences following victimization. In two studies (total N = 641), participants experienced a victimization incident induced by a video. In subsequent audio‐guided (ImRs or control) interventions, we examined the impact of imagined (i) victims' active or passive role, (ii) punishment for the offender (yes/no), and (iii) offender moral change (yes/no) on both psychological states and behavioural intentions. Specifically, after the ImRs, participants reported their feelings of empowerment, justice‐related satisfaction, positive and negative affect, and intention to act after the intervention. Results revealed that ImRs significantly reduced negative consequences of victimization, with active ImRs surpassing passive ImRs in enhancing victims’ empowerment and positive affect. Notably, neither imagined offender punishment nor moral change affected the efficacy of ImRs. We discuss these findings in light of ImRs as an intervention to address victims’ threatened needs.

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Depressive Symptoms are Positively Linked to Malevolent Creativity: A Novel Perspective on the Maladaptive Nature of Revenge Ideation

Perchtold‐Stefan

Rominger

Fink

2023

Journal of Creative Behavior

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Depressed mood has attracted little attention in creativity research. By comparison, psychotherapeutic studies have repeatedly associated depressive symptomatology with increased revenge ideation. Combining creativity and retaliatory ideation, the present study examined whether self-reported subclinical depressive symptoms are linked to malevolent creativitycreativity used for the purpose of damaging othersin a psychometric test. In a sample of n = 259 participants, overall depressive symptoms were positively associated with malevolent creativity. Sensitivity analyses confirmed this link for motivational and interactional symptoms, but not cognitive symptoms of depression. As a gender-specific finding, malevolent creativity was positively linked to emotional symptoms of depression in women, but not men. Our findings hint at the possibility that mood impairments through depressive symptoms may facilitate malevolent creative ideation through increased impulsivity, reduced self-regulation, and protracted anger rumination. Following recommendations regarding more focused investigations into the vast research complex of psychopathology and creativity, this study emphasizes negative mood as a risk factor for the occurrence of harmful creative ideation, and thus, presents a novel perspective on the intricate link between internalizing and externalizing symptomatology.

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Imagery rescripting of revenge, avoidance, and forgiveness for past bullying experiences in young adults

Abstract: The impact of focusing on immediate stress reduction in dealing with bullying is explored, and a combination of short-term avoidance and longer term forgiveness is highlighted as a potentially effective strategy to deal with the negative emotional consequences of victimization.

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

A Serial Mediation Model of the Relationship between Cybervictimization and Cyberaggression: The Role of Stress and Unforgiveness Motivations

A Serial Mediation Model of the Relationship between Cybervictimization and Cyberaggression: The Role of Stress and Unforgiveness Motivations

Victim empowerment and satisfaction: The potential of imagery rescripting

Depressive Symptoms are Positively Linked to Malevolent Creativity: A Novel Perspective on the Maladaptive Nature of Revenge Ideation

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