Image watermarking using the complex Hadamard transform

Falkowski, B.J.; Lim, Lip-San

doi:10.1109/iscas.2000.858816

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…We compare the perceptual transparency results of our algorithm with several other DHT domain watermarking methods [12,13,15,16] as well as other two popular watermarking methods [9] (Podilchuck algorithm of DCT domain implementation) and [8] (Cox algorithm). The simulation results are shown in Table 2 for few cover images, although the experiment has been carried out over large number of benchmark images [32,33].…”

Section: Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simulation results show that the proposed method always offers better data imperceptibility compared to other watermarking methods. When boat image is used as test image, PSNR values are 34.34 dB for [15], 34.23 dB for [16], 35.76 dB for [13], 34.32 dB for [12], 31.23 dB for [8], 35.45 dB for [9] and 39.62 dB for the proposed scheme. Similar objective quality differences (∼ 39.5 dB) are also found when the values are averaged for large number of test images using the proposed method.…”

Section: Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiresolution Hadamard transform is also used by Falkowski and Lim [15] where image is decomposed into a pyramid structure with various bands such as the low-low, low-high, high-high frequency band, etc. The lowest frequency band (LFB) is then segmented into (8 × 8) blocks and the two-dimensional CHT (complex Hadamard transform) is applied next.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, the watermarking scheme should also be compliant to robustness against various image processing operations including compression operation at low quality factor for both JPEG and JPEG 2000. We compare imperceptibility performance of the proposed method with [12,13,15,16] as well as Cox [8] and Podilchuk [9] method. Similarly robustness performance of the proposed method is compared with the method proposed by Calagna et al [17] as well as other Hadamard transformedbased watermarking methods [12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We compare imperceptibility performance of the proposed method with [12,13,15,16] as well as Cox [8] and Podilchuk [9] method. Similarly robustness performance of the proposed method is compared with the method proposed by Calagna et al [17] as well as other Hadamard transformedbased watermarking methods [12][13][14][15][16]. Robustness against varieties of signal processing operations is served by embedding the same watermark signal in the low informative and the medium-informative blocks selected on the basis of spatial uncertainty and average edge information measure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

DHT domain digital watermarking with low loss in image informations

Maity

Kundu

2010

AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications

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The paper proposes a digital image watermarking scheme that selects regions for data embedding based on information measure. Two valued kernels of Hadamard transformation cause smaller image information change during embedding compared to other transform domains such as DCT (discrete cosine transform), DFT (discrete Fourier transform), Fourier-Mellin and wavelet-based embedding. Moreover, the usage of Hadamard transform as signal decomposition tool offers advantages in terms of simpler implementation, low computation cost and high resiliency at low quality compression considering both JPEG and JPEG 2000 framework. Compression resiliency is further improved using adaptive negative modulation. These facts are validated comparing the performance with some other existing watermarking schemes as well as DCT domain implementation of the proposed scheme.

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Section: Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

DHT domain digital watermarking with low loss in image informations

Maity

Kundu

2010

AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications

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Digital watermarking scheme for colour remote sensing image based on quaternion wavelet transform and tensor decomposition

Che

Luo

et al. 2019

Math Methods in App Sciences

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Digital watermarking is important for protecting the intellectual property of remote sensing images. Unlike watermarking in ordinary colour images, in colour remote sensing images, watermarking has an important requirement: robustness. In this paper, a robust nonblind watermarking scheme for colour remote sensing images, which considers both frequency and statistical pattern features, is constructed based on the quaternion wavelet transform (QWT) and tensor decomposition. Using the QWT, not only the abundant phase information can be used to preserve detailed host image features to improve the imperceptibility of the watermark, but also the frequency coefficients of the host image can provide a stable position to embed the watermark. To further strengthen the robustness, the global statistical feature structure acquired through the tensor Tucker decomposition is employed to distribute the watermark's energy among different colour bands. Because both the QWT frequency coefficients and the tensor decomposition global statistical feature structure are highly stable against external distortion, their integration yields the proposed scheme, which is robust to many image manipulations. A simulation experiment shows that our method can balance the trade‐off between imperceptibility and robustness and that it is more robust than the traditional QWT and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) methods under many different types of image manipulations.

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A Robust Watermarking Scheme Using Sequency-ordered Complex Hadamard Transform

Aung

Rahardja

2010

J Sign Process Syst

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This paper presents a robust phase watermarking scheme for still digital images based on the sequency-ordered complex Hadamard transform (SCHT). The transform matrix of the SCHT exhibits sequency ordering which is analogous to frequency in the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). Hence, sequency-based image analysis can be performed for image watermarking while providing simple implementation and with less computational complexity for computation of the transform. As the SCHT coefficients are complex numbers which consist of both magnitudes and phases, they are suited to adopt phase modulation techniques to embed the watermark. In this proposed scheme, the phases of the SCHT coefficients in the sequency domain are altered to convey the watermark information using the phase shift keying (PSK) modulation. Low amplitude block selection (LABS) is used to enhance the imperceptibility of digital watermark, and amplitude boost (AB) method is employed to improve the robustness of the watermarking scheme. Spread spectrum (SS) technique is adopted to increase the security of watermark against various unintentional or intentional attacks. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed watermarking scheme, simulations are conducted under various kinds of attacking operations. The results show that the proposed scheme is able to sustain a series of attacks including common geometric transformations such as scaling, rotating, cropping, painting, and common imageprocessing operations such as JPEG compression, lowpass filtering, sharpening, noising and phase perturbation, etc. Comparisons of the simulation results with the other schemes are also mentioned and the results reveal that the proposed scheme shows better robustness.Keywords Phase watermarking · Sequency-ordered complex Hadamard transform (SCHT) · Spread spectrum (SS) · Phase shift keying (PSK) · Low amplitude block selection (LABS) · Amplitude boost (AB)

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Image watermarking using the complex Hadamard transform

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

DHT domain digital watermarking with low loss in image informations

DHT domain digital watermarking with low loss in image informations

Digital watermarking scheme for colour remote sensing image based on quaternion wavelet transform and tensor decomposition

A Robust Watermarking Scheme Using Sequency-ordered Complex Hadamard Transform

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