Image steganography and steganalysis

Bachrach, Mayra; Shih, Frank Y.

doi:10.1002/wics.152

Cited by 27 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…• Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) This transform is very useful to reasons effectiveness and flexibility, and it applied to samples of the signal and its characteristics that the image fragmented into two-dimensional sections [4] used this transform in this paper because of its nature into dividing the image into a set of parts.…”

Section: -Frequency Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Image Steganalysis in Frequency Domain Using Co-Occurrence Matrix and Bpnn

Khalifa¹,

Zeebaree²,

Atas³

et al. 2019

SJUOZ

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In the last two decades, steganalysis has become a fertile research area to minimize the security risks left behind by Misuse of data concealment in digital computer files. As the propagation of hidden writing increased, the need for the steganalysis emerged and grew to a large extent necessary to deter illicit secret communications. This paper introduces a steganalysis system to detect hidden information in images through using co-occurrence matrix, frequency domain transform, the first three moments, and back propagation neural network (BPNN). Four varieties of the system implemented. Firstly, the co-occurrence matrix calculated for the input image, which suspected to be a carrier of hidden secret information. Second, three levels of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) are applied resulting in 12 subbands. Then, those subbands along with the original image are transformed by discrete Fourier transform (DFT) or discrete cosine transform (DCT) to produce 13 subbands. After that, the first three moments are calculated resulting feature vector with 39 features. Finally, BPNN is used as a classifier to determine whether the image is containing hidden information or not. The system is tested with and without co-occurrence matrix, each of them once using DFT and another time using DCT. The results have shown that using co-occurrence matrix with DFT has the highest performance, which was 81.82% on the Hiding Ratio of 0.5 bit per pixel. This work demonstrates a good effect comparing to previous works.

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Section: -Frequency Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Steganalysis is the technique and science that is used to decide if the messages are involved in the image or not by the steganography algorithm. Steganalysis system is utilized to find, extract, disable or change the message before arriving at the recipient [4]. Misuse of hidden writing poses real risks at various levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image Steganalysis in Frequency Domain Using Co-Occurrence Matrix and Bpnn

Khalifa¹,

Zeebaree²,

Atas³

et al. 2019

SJUOZ

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show abstract

“…It was very popular during World War II when spies on both sides of the war used steganography to pass secret messages [6]. It can also be used for criminal activities as it was suspected that Al-Qaeda used steganography in their attack on World Trade Centre [11]. Nowadays with the advent of Internet there is ever burgeoning need to protect and hide sensitive data.…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quality of images remains intact and human eye cannot discern the changes [25]. Wavelets are relatively new in the image processing and offer lesser distortion and are less resource hungry as compared to DCT and are thus employed for noise reduction, edge detection in image processing [11].…”

Section: Dwt Image Steganographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Information Security through Image Steganography

Chopra*,

Priyadarshi

2019

IJEAT

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Information security is an arduous task these days especially due to advancement in technology. Sending or receiving confidential information in an undetected form has been a major challenge. Steganography is the art or process of concealing information inside a text, audio or image file. The process of embedding information inside an image is known as Image steganography. The objective unlike cryptography is not to make the information difficult to understand but to hide it in plain sight. The concealed information is harder to detect and is only detected only by the receiver who is aware of its existence. Image Steganography is used to secure private files and documents, hide passwords and encryption keys as well as to transport highly confidential documents between international governments and organizations without revealing the existence of the hidden message. This also makes it essential in military and banking field for secure communication of information. This provides better security to the information being shared. This paper discusses history, techniques, applications, benefits and shortcomings of Image steganography. Further a discussion on the challenges and the future direction and trends of image steganography are also presented.

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“…Methodologies has transformed from physical to complex steganography and cryptographic algorithms. Steganography was also suspected to be used in the attacks of World Trade Centre (Bachrach and Shih, 2011). Steganography employs different carrier medium such as text, images, audio and video (Al-Qwider and Salameh, 2017; Khan and Gutub, 2007;Nosrati et al, 2012;Singh et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel approach to secret data concealment with high cover text capacity and security

Azeem

Ditta

et al. 2020

IJESDF

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Massive technological advancement and rapid internet growth has made the security of secret data more challenging for security researchers. Though, steganography techniques were also evolved but still require large cover text to conceal large message. Therefore, to deal capacity issue, present research articulates a novel approach to achieve high data concealment capacity of cover text along with security by using combination of steganography and cryptography. Current algorithm applies four-layer encryption on secret message and seven Unicode characters such as invisible plus (IP), invisible separator (IS), inhabit symmetric swapping (ISS), left to right override (LRO), (ZWNJ), zero width joiner (ZWJ), zero width non-joiner and zero width character (ZWC), are employed to embed secret information into English carrier text to generate stego text object. The result reflects tremendous increase of 300% in carrier text capacity and encryption significantly enhances the security of secret information. Moreover, the identical carrier and stego text reduces hacker's attention.

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Image steganography and steganalysis

Cited by 27 publications

References 8 publications

Image Steganalysis in Frequency Domain Using Co-Occurrence Matrix and Bpnn

Image Steganalysis in Frequency Domain Using Co-Occurrence Matrix and Bpnn

Information Security through Image Steganography

A novel approach to secret data concealment with high cover text capacity and security

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