Image reconstruction in segmented femtosecond laser-written waveguide arrays

Szameit, Alexander; Dreisow, Felix; Heinrich, Matthias; Pertsch, Thomas; Nolte, Stefan; Tünnermann, Andreas; Suran, Eric; Louradour, Frédéric; Barthélémy, Alain; Longhi, Stefano

doi:10.1063/1.2999624

Cited by 58 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Of importance in these 2D waveguides arrays is uniform coupling across an extended depth range as well as precise control over directional evanescent coupling between waveguides [175]. Self-imaging has been demonstrated in segmented 2D square waveguide arrays [176]. Furthermore, spatial solitons and nonlinear localisation has been observed when injecting high peak power pulses into one of the waveguides [174].…”

Section: Physics In 2d Waveguide Arraysmentioning

confidence: 90%

Ultrafast-laser-inscribed 3D integrated photonics: challenges and emerging applications

2015

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Since the discovery that tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses can induce a highly localised and permanent refractive index modification in a large number of transparent dielectrics, the technique of ultrafast laser inscription has received great attention from a wide range of applications. In particular, the capability to create three-dimensional optical waveguide circuits has opened up new opportunities for integrated photonics that would not have been possible with traditional planar fabrication techniques because it enables full access to the many degrees of freedom in a photon. This paper reviews the basic techniques and technological challenges of 3D integrated photonics fabricated using ultrafast laser inscription as well as reviews the most recent progress in the fields of astrophotonics, optical communication, quantum photonics, emulation of quantum systems, optofluidics and sensing.

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Section: Physics In 2d Waveguide Arraysmentioning

confidence: 90%

Ultrafast-laser-inscribed 3D integrated photonics: challenges and emerging applications

2015

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“…Yet, there are configurations for which precise knowledge and control of such couplings become crucial. For instance, some one-dimensional arrays are designed towards an effective cancellation of nearest-neighbour coupling after certain distances, such that coupling between next-nearest-neighbours (henceforth termed 'second-order coupling') can become the dominant mechanism of transverse transport [13][14][15][16] . Evidently, the distance between next-nearest neighbours in two-dimensional lattices does not need to be much larger than the one between nearest neighbours 4,7 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Direct measurement of second-order coupling in a waveguide lattice

Keil

Pressl

Heilmann

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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We measure the next-nearest-neighbour coupling in an array of coupled optical waveguides directly via an integrated eigenmode interferometer. In contrast to light propagation experiments, the technique is insensitive to nearest-neighbour dynamics. Our results show that second-order coupling in a linear configuration can be suppressed well below the level expected from the exponential decay of the guided modes.50 years past its proposition 1 , evanescent coupling between optical waveguides has become a standard part in the optical engineer's toolbox and is now widely applied in science and industry 2 . Extended lattices of coupled waveguides have been used for various fundamental studies and applications, ranging from artificial graphene 3,4 and quantum walks 5-8 to mode-locking of lasers 9 and quantum state preparation 10,11 . These systems are usually based on coupling between nearest neighbours. Coupling between more distant sites can often be neglected, due to an exponential decay of the waveguide modes 12 . Yet, there are configurations for which precise knowledge and control of such couplings become crucial. For instance, some one-dimensional arrays are designed towards an effective cancellation of nearest-neighbour coupling after certain distances, such that coupling between next-nearest-neighbours (henceforth termed 'second-order coupling') can become the dominant mechanism of transverse transport [13][14][15][16] . Evidently, the distance between next-nearest neighbours in two-dimensional lattices does not need to be much larger than the one between nearest neighbours 4,7 . Therefore, second-order coupling is often quite relevant in such systems. Moreover, second-order coupling has been shown to have considerable impact in nonlinear optics, where it determines the existence of a power treshold for discrete solitons 17 , as well as on two-particle interference conditions in the quantum regime 18 .In order to obtain systematic knowledge of how and with which strength second-order coupling arises in the configurations of interest it would be desirable to measure it directly. However, its subtle influence on the propagation dynamics is often masked by the much stronger firstorder coupling (or the unknown fidelity of its cancelling mechanism), such that it is quite hard to unambiguously extract the second-order coupling from light propagation experiments. It seems more promising to use the impact of second-order coupling on the eigenmodes of the system for experimental access. Indeed, second-and even third-order coupling in square and honeycomb lattices of microwave resonators have been unambiguously identia) Electronic mail: robert.keil@uibk.ac.at fied from their frequency spectra 19 . In optics, however, a direct measurement of waveguide eigenmodes is more challenging and requires interferometric techniques. In this work, we present such a method and apply it to measure second-order coupling in the most fundamental system where it can occur -an array of three waveguides. In particular, we investigate whethe...

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“…1c). Thereby, the effective refractive index is reduced in the segmented guides, imposing the desired phase shift on the propagating light 46 (Methods).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1c), by testing the self-imaging effect in another sample 46 . The required exponential intensity distribution of the defect states is approximated by a Gaussian beam.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The random mass Dirac model and long-range correlations on an integrated optical platform

et al. 2013

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Long-range correlation-the non-local interdependence of distant events-is a crucial feature in many natural and artificial environments. In the context of solid state physics, impurity spins in doped spin chains and ladders with antiferromagnetic interaction are a prominent manifestation of this phenomenon, which is the physical origin of the unusual magnetic and thermodynamic properties of these materials. It turns out that such systems are described by a one-dimensional Dirac equation for a relativistic fermion with random mass. Here we present an optical configuration, which implements this one-dimensional random mass Dirac equation on a chip. On this platform, we provide a miniaturized optical test-bed for the physics of Dirac fermions with variable mass, as well as of antiferromagnetic spin systems. Moreover, our data suggest the occurence of long-range correlations in an integrated optical device, despite the exclusively short-ranged interactions between the constituting channels.

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Image reconstruction in segmented femtosecond laser-written waveguide arrays

Abstract: We present the first experimental realization of image reconstruction in finite femtosecond laser-written waveguide arrays with segmentation. The results show that arbitrary field distributions can be imaged in one-dimensional as well as in two-dimensional geometries

Cited by 58 publications

References 18 publications

Ultrafast-laser-inscribed 3D integrated photonics: challenges and emerging applications

Ultrafast-laser-inscribed 3D integrated photonics: challenges and emerging applications

Direct measurement of second-order coupling in a waveguide lattice

The random mass Dirac model and long-range correlations on an integrated optical platform

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