Image processing of partially periodic lattice images of polymers: The study of crystal defects

Effect of processing and end groups on the crystal structure of polypeptoids studied by cryogenic electron microscopy at atomic length scales

“…18 The analysis indicated the presence of numerous distinct crystalline motifs. Other studies on semi-crystalline polymers such as poly(paraxylylene) 27,44 and syndiotactic polystyrene, [45][46][47] also suggested the presence of structural heterogeneity.…”

“…Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a powerful tool for studying 2D crystalline structures comprising soft materials, such as polymer single crystals and proteins membranes. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Like proteins, polypeptoids are unstable to electron beam exposure. 18 Minimizing the damage caused by the electron beam is essential when atomic level information of polypeptoids is desired.…”

Elastic properties of MgO nanocrystals and grain boundaries at high pressures by Brillouin scattering

“…The attached post-column Gatan imaging filter (GIF Tridiem) allows for energy filtered imaging, and the zero loss peak was limited by a 10 eV window. Electron Diffraction patterns were obtained by Fourier transform (FT) using the Gatan Digital Micrograph software, where the ring mask method was used to prevent lattice fringe extrapolations 31,32 .…”

Electron crystallography and non-linear optics

“…The method selected to deal with this difficulty depends on the problem that has to be solved. In the case of a regularly repeated structure, averaging methods, both frequency filtering in reciprocal space (Predere and Thomas, 1990;Voigt-Martin et al, 1990) and image averaging in real space (Henderson et al, 1990), have been successfully used for many years. Appropriate software such as MRC in Cambridge (Amos et al, 1982;Henderson and Unwin, 1975) and the EMS system in Martinsried (Hawkes, 1980) were developed.…”