Image of the month: Ventricular myxoma mimicking hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Mani, Avinash; Gopalakrishnan, Arun; Ayyappan, Anoop; Valaparambil, Ajitkumar

doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.19-2-131

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In 75%, they protrude to the left atrial cavity and in 10-15% into the right atrial cavity. 6,13,40 Other locations are possible but occur less often, 41,42 like our 14-year-old boy presenting with a fast growing myxoma in the left ventricle (Fig 6). Although 90% occur sporadically, the remainder is associated with Carney complex, an autosomal dominant inherited disease.…”

Section: Myxomasmentioning

confidence: 70%

Cardiac tumours in children: a single-centre experience and literature review

2022

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Cardiac tumours are extremely rare in children. Although more than 90% are benign, children can develop obstructive or embolisation derived symptoms, arrhythmias, constitutional symptoms, cardiac tamponade, or even sudden death. Although the majority are asymptomatic, and some spontaneously regress, appropriate follow-up is needed on a case-by-case basis, as patients may develop late symptoms. Definitive diagnosis is only possible through histological analysis; however, it is possible to infer tumour type with a high grade of certainty based on imaging features, particularly cardiac magnetic resonance. Surgical resection is advocated for those causing symptoms, obstruction, cardiac dysfunction, and high risk of embolisation. The aim of this review is to present the state of the art related to cardiac tumours in the paediatric population, in the context of our own experience.

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Section: Myxomasmentioning

confidence: 70%

Cardiac tumours in children: a single-centre experience and literature review

2022

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“…Kałuzna-Oleksy et al [131] also described an incidental echocardiography diagnosis of LA myxoma and HCM who did not have LEOPARD syndrome. Finally, Mani et al [132] described a 5-year boy with ventricular myxoma and HCM in which diagnosis was incidental on echocardiography and confirmed by CMRI.…”

Section: Neoplastic Cardiomyopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An association between HCM and LA myxoma has also been observed in patients with progressive cardiomyopathic lentiginosis (LEOPARD syndrome), which is a rare autosomal dominant multi-organ disease [129]. In three subsequent case reports of patients with HCM and atrial myxoma, no evidence of LEOPARD disease was discovered [130][131][132]. Abdou et al [130] described a case of incidental diagnosis of atrial myxoma in a 71-year old female with HCM.…”

Section: Neoplastic Cardiomyopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Case reports suggest diagnosis is often incidental especially when examining for other more common causes of cardiac dysfunction, CM or HF. In all the four case reports on myxoma and HCM or DCM [130][131][132][133], common diagnostic test was transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography used for the detection of myxoma mass and ventricular hypertrophy and/or dilation. Echocardiogram can detect asymmetric hypertrophy of the basal and mid-anteroseptal wall (consistent with HCM) while CMRI may reveal asymmetric LVH with a thickened interventricular septum and a mass in the LA along the inter-atrial septum [130].…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hematologic/Oncologic cardiomyopathy: A review and pooled analysis of pathophysiology, diagnosis and clinical management

Albakri¹

2019

Clin Med Invest

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Marked improvement in the accuracy and sensitivity of current diagnostic techniques for cardiac diseases have contributed to the identification of haematologic and oncologic diseases as a possible aetiology of cardiomyopathy (CM). If undiagnosed, the CM may progress to HF and eventually death. This type of CM is exceedingly rare and a precise understanding of its natural cause, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management is undermined by the lack of supporting clinical evidence. Cancer as a direct cause of CM remains controversial. Differentiating cancer-associated CM from chemotherapy-induced CM is difficult since diagnosis of CM is nearly always made after the initiation chemotherapy. Hematologic diseases on the other hand have been classified under restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) yet they are a distinct clinical entity uniquely characterized by cardiac chamber (atrial and/or ventricular) dilation, diastolic dysfunction and preserved systolic function. Oncologic or haematologic CM has an ominous prognosis although diagnosis is incidental or delayed making management difficult. There is a need to better understand the role of oncologic and/or haematologic diseases in the pathogenesis of CM aimed to improve diagnosis and development of aetiology-specific therapy. Similarly, this review provides an overview of CM in oncology and haematology patients including pathophysiology, presentation, diagnosis and treatment.

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Tumoral Phenocopies of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: The Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance

Francone

Monti

2021

JCM

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic cardiac disease that presents with cardiac hypertrophy. HCM phenocopies are clinical conditions that are phenotypically undistinguishable from HCM, but with a different underlying etiology. Cardiac tumors are rare entities that can sometimes mimic HCM in their echocardiographic appearance, thus representing an example of HCM phenocopy. At present, only case reports of tumoral HCM phenocopies can be found in literature. In this systematic review, we analyzed all the published cases in which a cardiac tumor mimicked HCM to the point of misleading the diagnosis, providing a structured overview of the currently available evidence on this topic.

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Image of the month: Ventricular myxoma mimicking hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Cardiac tumours in children: a single-centre experience and literature review

Cardiac tumours in children: a single-centre experience and literature review

Hematologic/Oncologic cardiomyopathy: A review and pooled analysis of pathophysiology, diagnosis and clinical management

Tumoral Phenocopies of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: The Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance

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