Image naturalness model based on prototypical memory colors (sky, grass, and skin)

Abstract

Image naturalness is a potent attribute to enhance image quality, and it is related to people's perception of memory colors. Many previous experiments aimed to locate the memory colors on different media. Their findings indicate that the memory colors obtained vary between color patches and images and between experimental techniques. However, there were no satisfying models with appropriate memory color centers to scale the image naturalness. This study generated an image database including three prototypical memory colors images (sky, grass, and skin) and their local processed images. First, visual naturalness and preference data were collected from a psychophysical experiment. Then, the distribution of naturalness followed by memory color positions was analyzed. Based on the distribution pattern, the ellipsoid models for each prototypical memory color were established. The results from the present memory color centers were compared with those from the other studies. Results show that the present color centers always give better prediction accuracy in image naturalness models. Finally, an image preference model was developed based on the image naturalness and colorfulness.

Effect of Elevation and Surface Roughness on Naturalness Perception of 2.5D Decor Prints

“…According to the literature, there have been studies where the naturalness was involved in 2D images [2,4,8,9,[11][12][13][14][15][16]28], 3D images [17,29], and 2D prints [3,5,10]. Naturalness as an attribute was mentioned in Kadyrova et al's [1] work on attributes for the quality assessment of 2.5D prints.…”

“…Naturalness along with details were found to be the most important/salient perceptual attributes that describe perceptual differences of 2D images [12]. There are also works dedicated to model naturalness of 2D images [13][14][15][16]. For instance, Choi et al [13] used the sharpness and colorfulness of images, shadow-detail reproduction, and lack of washed-out appearance factors along with memory colors for 2D image naturalness modeling.…”

Assessment of color reproduction in text-generated images of common natural objects (sky, grass, fallen leaves, rocks) based on memory color

“…2 In turn, people's perception of memory color plays an essential role in the naturalness and quality of the images. 3 Therefore, memory and preferred colors were suggested as internal references for measuring color quality 4,5 and evaluating image quality. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Smet et al 12 investigated the relationship between memory color and color quality in both conventional and solid-state lamps.…”

“…He said that we observe the world through the eyes of memory 2 . In turn, people’s perception of memory color plays an essential role in the naturalness and quality of the images 3 . Therefore, memory and preferred colors were suggested as internal references for measuring color quality 4 , 5 and evaluating image quality 6 …”

“…They investigated the naturalness of memory colors. On the other hand, Tian et al 3 . generated a database of memorized color images and local images, including sky, grass, and skin, compared the current memory color center results with those of other studies, and applied the results of this experiment to develop an image preference model.…”