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New sub-surface challenges are encountered everyday as the industry drills more in complex geological and operational settings; and smarter applications are being made with new and more efficient technologies for real-time solutions. And, one of the remaining frontiers, that of real-time, high-quality, multi-applications borehole images while drilling with oil-base mud (OBM) has been overcome with deployment of multi-sensor, multi-physics measurements providing the highest resolution data. A new feature-based compression technology is developed to transmit the geological feature-rich data in real-time, even with limited telemetry; enabling real-time decision making. Logging-while-drilling (LWD) imaging in OBM started from low-resolution density images with limited meaningful applications; even ultrasonic imaging introduced lately was not able to consistently unmask the geological information. Industry-first technology advances for borehole image acquisition in OBM were made possible with the deployment of ground-breaking integration of multi-sensor, multi-physics technologies of electromagnetics and ultrasonic on one small sub. Four operational frequencies of electromagnetic measurements are used for resistivity-imaging to cover a wide resistivity range in the sub-surface, whilst ultrasonic images are made at two frequencies to help optimize the imaging for varying standoff and rugosity during drilling. This enables feature identification of subtle variation in texture, structure, sedimentation and diagenesis style; most of the sedimentary structures imaged on the apparent resistivity images made from electromagnetic measurements whilst the drilling-related features manifesting themselves more visibly on ultrasonic images. Results of this technology are discussed with various examples acquired during the early deployment; examples showing the plethora of information available in real-time enabling drilling optimization to hydro-fracturing decisions. A comparison has also been made with established wireline technology for validation of the LWD images in some of the examples. With more applications being developed to integrate this data, this opens up new avenues for geosciences and drilling solutions while drilling. This new technology overcomes the OBM barrier for high-resolution imaging while drilling, and coupled with feature-rich data transmission in real-time enables real-time decision making.
New sub-surface challenges are encountered everyday as the industry drills more in complex geological and operational settings; and smarter applications are being made with new and more efficient technologies for real-time solutions. And, one of the remaining frontiers, that of real-time, high-quality, multi-applications borehole images while drilling with oil-base mud (OBM) has been overcome with deployment of multi-sensor, multi-physics measurements providing the highest resolution data. A new feature-based compression technology is developed to transmit the geological feature-rich data in real-time, even with limited telemetry; enabling real-time decision making. Logging-while-drilling (LWD) imaging in OBM started from low-resolution density images with limited meaningful applications; even ultrasonic imaging introduced lately was not able to consistently unmask the geological information. Industry-first technology advances for borehole image acquisition in OBM were made possible with the deployment of ground-breaking integration of multi-sensor, multi-physics technologies of electromagnetics and ultrasonic on one small sub. Four operational frequencies of electromagnetic measurements are used for resistivity-imaging to cover a wide resistivity range in the sub-surface, whilst ultrasonic images are made at two frequencies to help optimize the imaging for varying standoff and rugosity during drilling. This enables feature identification of subtle variation in texture, structure, sedimentation and diagenesis style; most of the sedimentary structures imaged on the apparent resistivity images made from electromagnetic measurements whilst the drilling-related features manifesting themselves more visibly on ultrasonic images. Results of this technology are discussed with various examples acquired during the early deployment; examples showing the plethora of information available in real-time enabling drilling optimization to hydro-fracturing decisions. A comparison has also been made with established wireline technology for validation of the LWD images in some of the examples. With more applications being developed to integrate this data, this opens up new avenues for geosciences and drilling solutions while drilling. This new technology overcomes the OBM barrier for high-resolution imaging while drilling, and coupled with feature-rich data transmission in real-time enables real-time decision making.
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