Image Inversion Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Optimizes Choroidal Thickness and Detail through Improved Contrast

Abstract

The most favorable modes to visualize CSJ and OCV are the Spectralis EDI, Spectralis inverted, Cirrus upright, and Bioptigen inverted. These modes demonstrate the highest outer choroidal contrast and choroidal thickness measurements. Choroidal thickness cannot be compared between machines due to conversion factor differences. Future studies and construction of automated segmentation and detection software should take these benefits and pitfalls into account.

Choroid Development and Feasibility of Choroidal Imaging in the Preterm and Term Infants Utilizing SD-OCT

“…On a previous study by Lin et al, the adult choroidal thickness was found to be comparable with choroidal thicknesses measured previously from the Cirrus (244 6 56 lm) and Spectralis (223 6 60 lm) systems. 23 In addition, the adult choroid decreased in thickness with increasing age in our young adult population (aged 20-37 years), which agreed with the trend for data from other older adult studies-that choroidal thickness decreases with age. 9,31 There was no significant difference in choroidal thickness in each group by sex or race and ethnicity, except for in term infants where there was a significant difference in choroidal thickness between Caucasian and Hispanic term infants.…”

“…The purpose of this research was to determine the feasibility of visualizing the full thickness of the subfoveal choroid in preterm and term infants compared with adults through SD-OCT imaging at the bedside without the use of adjuvant anesthesia or sedation. 7,23 Secondly, when imaging was feasible, we assessed choroidal development by comparing the choroidal appearance and thickness between preterm infants, term infants, and adults. Finally, we followed the choroidal development over time in a subgroup of the preterm infants.…”

Influence of choroidal thickness on subfoveal choroidal thickness measurement repeatability using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography

“…Those modalities might be expected to improve the repeatability of CT measurements; however, the current study suggests that further evaluations are needed to verify the repeatability of novel methods, particularly in the thick choroid. 6,9,22,24,25 In conclusion, CT measurement in eyes with a very thick choroid may be inaccurate. Increased CT leads to a lower interobserver compared with intraobserver repeatability, and this tendency was consistent despite the thorough peer-review process.…”

“…In this respect, a recent study was remarkable in that it quantified the outer choroidal contrast using custom analysis software. 9 As the investigators focused only on image direction and different OCT devices, further studies are necessary to assess contrast in the thick choroid. Furthermore 1060 nm OCT, the latest technology, has greater specificity for the choroid and sclera through enhanced transmittance, enabling better resolution of the structure of the choroid and the chorio-scleral junction than the type of OCT used in the present study.…”

“…7,8 As indistinct choroidal junctions decrease the reliability of the measurement of CT, studies have been conducted to determine the factors affecting manual CT measurement. Lin et al 9 suggested that image inversion optimized images, while Chhablani et al 10 demonstrated that high-density scanning was favorable for CT measurement. A recent study reported that measurement of CT based on 1 : 1 pixel images had a higher probability of overestimation than measurement of CT based on 1 : 1 micron images.…”