Abstract:Image guided surgery can be a useful aid to improve visualisation of anatomy and subsurface structures during minimally invasive surgery. Soft-tissue deformation makes it difficult to implement IGS in urology but current studies have shown an attempt to address this issue. The feasibility of IGS requires randomised control trials assessing in particular its accuracy and affect on clinical outcome.
“…However, this form of tri-planar image presentation was more difficult to follow given the additional soft tissue deformation of the upper aerodigestive tract as well as the presence of the laryngoscope. The use of augmented or virtual reality, in which imaging information is incorporated within the real-time surgical view, is an area of active research in multiple surgical disciplines 21,36,37 including otolaryngology 30,38,39 . Segmentation of the areas of interest – such as the tumor, anatomic landmarks, and vascular structures – and presenting this imaging information as an overlay on the endoscopic or microscopic view would be more intuitive and allow the surgeon to maintain focus on the surgical field without diverting attention to the navigation imaging.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Surgical navigation through use of image guidance has proven effective in sinus 15,16 , skull base 17 , and neurosurgery 18 , reducing complications and surgical morbidity. This technology has also been examined in thoracic 19 , hepatic 20 , and urological surgery 21–23 , among others. It stands to reason that surgical navigation with image guidance would also be beneficial in TOS.…”
Background
Surgical navigation using image guidance may improve the safety and efficacy of trans-oral surgery (TOS); however, pre-operative imaging cannot be accurately registered to the intra-operative state due to deformations resulting from placement of the laryngoscope or retractor. This proof of concept study explores feasibility and registration accuracy of surgical navigation for TOS by utilizing intraoperative imaging..
Methods
Four patients undergoing TOS were recruited. Suspension laryngoscopy was performed with a CT-compatible laryngoscope. An intraoperative contrast enhanced CT scan was obtained and registered to fiducials placed on the neck, face and laryngoscope.
Results
All patients were successfully scanned and registered. Registration accuracy within the pharynx and larynx was 1 mm or less. Target registration was confirmed by localizing endoscopic and surface structures to the CT images. Successful tracking was performed in all four patients.
Conclusions
For surgical navigation during TOS, although a high level of registration accuracy can be achieved by utilizing intra-operative imaging, significant limitations of the existing technology have been identified. These limitations, as well as areas for future investigation, are discussed.
“…However, this form of tri-planar image presentation was more difficult to follow given the additional soft tissue deformation of the upper aerodigestive tract as well as the presence of the laryngoscope. The use of augmented or virtual reality, in which imaging information is incorporated within the real-time surgical view, is an area of active research in multiple surgical disciplines 21,36,37 including otolaryngology 30,38,39 . Segmentation of the areas of interest – such as the tumor, anatomic landmarks, and vascular structures – and presenting this imaging information as an overlay on the endoscopic or microscopic view would be more intuitive and allow the surgeon to maintain focus on the surgical field without diverting attention to the navigation imaging.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Surgical navigation through use of image guidance has proven effective in sinus 15,16 , skull base 17 , and neurosurgery 18 , reducing complications and surgical morbidity. This technology has also been examined in thoracic 19 , hepatic 20 , and urological surgery 21–23 , among others. It stands to reason that surgical navigation with image guidance would also be beneficial in TOS.…”
Background
Surgical navigation using image guidance may improve the safety and efficacy of trans-oral surgery (TOS); however, pre-operative imaging cannot be accurately registered to the intra-operative state due to deformations resulting from placement of the laryngoscope or retractor. This proof of concept study explores feasibility and registration accuracy of surgical navigation for TOS by utilizing intraoperative imaging..
Methods
Four patients undergoing TOS were recruited. Suspension laryngoscopy was performed with a CT-compatible laryngoscope. An intraoperative contrast enhanced CT scan was obtained and registered to fiducials placed on the neck, face and laryngoscope.
Results
All patients were successfully scanned and registered. Registration accuracy within the pharynx and larynx was 1 mm or less. Target registration was confirmed by localizing endoscopic and surface structures to the CT images. Successful tracking was performed in all four patients.
Conclusions
For surgical navigation during TOS, although a high level of registration accuracy can be achieved by utilizing intra-operative imaging, significant limitations of the existing technology have been identified. These limitations, as well as areas for future investigation, are discussed.
“…Since then, several reports on 3-D imaging reconstruction offering accurate anatomical identification of important intrarenal structures were published 92–95. At present, feasibility of IGS is limited and requires randomized controlled trials for assessing its feasibility on clinical outcome 96…”
This paper examines the current role of robot-assisted renal surgery as complex and partial nephrectomies, including vena cava thrombus, combined nephroureterectomies, living donor nephrectomy, autotransplantation, and difficult anatomy as in patients with obesity or adhesions. Indications for robot-assisted renal surgery are comparable to those of conventional laparoscopic approaches. A reduction in the learning curve leads to a stabilization of the procedure and further increases the number of minimally invasive procedures performed. A Medline literature search for publications on the field of robotic kidney surgery has been performed using the Mesh terms: robotic surgical procedures and kidney. Future directions include progress in robotic technology and instrumentation with further miniaturization of robotic procedures as laparoendoscopic single-site interventions and progress in image-guided robotic surgery.
“…Surgical navigation of this type has proven effective in sinus 8 , skull base 10 , and neurosurgery 12 , reducing complications and surgical morbidity. This technology has also been explored in thoracic 34 , hepatic 33 , and urological surgery 16,17,26 , among others. It stands to reason that surgical navigation would also be beneficial in TOS.…”
For a variety of head and neck cancers, specifically those of the oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx, minimally invasive trans-oral approaches have been developed to reduce perioperative and long-term morbidity. However, in trans-oral surgical approaches anatomical deformation due to instrumentation, specifically placement of laryngoscopes and retractors, present a significant challenge for surgeons relying on preoperative imaging to resect tumors to negative margins. Quantifying the deformation due to instrumentation is needed in order to develop predictive models of operative deformation. In order to study this deformation, we used a CT/MR-compatible laryngoscopy system in concert with intraoperative CT imaging. 3D models of preoperative and intraoperative anatomy were generated. Mandible and hyoid displacements as well as tongue deformations were quantified for eight patients undergoing diagnostic laryngoscopy. Across patients, we found on average 1.3 cm of displacement for these anatomic structures due to laryngoscope insertion. On average, the maximum displacement for certain tongue regions exceeded 4 cm. The anatomical deformations quantified here can serve as a reference for describing how the upper aerodigestive tract anatomy changes during instrumentation and may be helpful in developing predictive models of intraoperative upper aerodigestive tract deformation.
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