Image formation using self-imaging techniques*

Bryngdahl, Olof

doi:10.1364/josa.63.000416

“…The property of MMI coupler is based on the principal of the self-imaging effect [18][19]. The principal can be stated as the input is reproduced in single or multiple images at periodic intervals along the propagation direction of the guide [20].…”

Section: Operation Principle and Device Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk Improvement of Polymer in Glass Thermo-Optical Multimode Interference Switch

Samdin

¹

,

Yaacob

²

,

Ibrahim

³

et al. 2012

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AbstrakSebuah desain struktural baru yang menggabungkan atenuator optik variabel (VOA) IntroductionHigh speed and high capacity optical components are crucially needed in current optical networks. For this, it is very necessary to research for good and tolerable performances of optical switch. Furthermore, it is important to develop optical devices with low power consumption and crosstalk. Interestingly, multimode interference (MMI) structure is a good candidate for these purposes. Although numbers of MMI optical switches have been developed which progressively claimed low switching power results, the crosstalk issue is yet to be solved.Variable optical attenuator (VOA) is a device that functions to adjust optical power in the optical devices interconnection system. Few types of VOA structure have been developed; for example Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based VOA [1-3], straight waveguide based VOA [4-6] and multimode interference (MMI) based VOA [7][8]. From the survey on type of developed VOA, it shows that the MMI structure have the smallest power consumption; 7.8mW [8] compared with other type of VOA structure. Obviously, the MMI structure is a good candidate for VOA design.For MMI-VOA structure, there two types of VOA that have been develop previously which are; a combination of two MMI structure to be operate as MZI-VOA [9] and single MMI-VOA [10]. In the MZI-VOA, the structure is composed of an MMI power splitter with single inputs and re-combined with double output to the other MMI combiner with single output. The active region (induced by electro or thermo effect) is located at the phase shift arms and used to change the relative phases among the arms, which can realize the attenuation function [11]. Concurrently, a single coupler of MMI-VOA is realized through refractive index modulation. The refractive index modulation leads to the variation of the imaging intensity within the MMI region. As a result, the output images can be attenuated which further realize the attenuation function.

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“…The property of MMI coupler is based on the principal of the self-imaging effect [18][19]. The principal can be stated as the input is reproduced in single or multiple images at periodic intervals along the propagation direction of the guide [20].…”

Section: Operation Principle and Device Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk Improvement of Polymer in Glass Thermo-Optical Multimode Interference Switch

Samdin¹,

Yaacob²,

Ibrahim³

et al. 2012

TELKOMNIKA

0

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AbstrakSebuah desain struktural baru yang menggabungkan atenuator optik variabel (VOA) IntroductionHigh speed and high capacity optical components are crucially needed in current optical networks. For this, it is very necessary to research for good and tolerable performances of optical switch. Furthermore, it is important to develop optical devices with low power consumption and crosstalk. Interestingly, multimode interference (MMI) structure is a good candidate for these purposes. Although numbers of MMI optical switches have been developed which progressively claimed low switching power results, the crosstalk issue is yet to be solved.Variable optical attenuator (VOA) is a device that functions to adjust optical power in the optical devices interconnection system. Few types of VOA structure have been developed; for example Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based VOA [1-3], straight waveguide based VOA [4-6] and multimode interference (MMI) based VOA [7][8]. From the survey on type of developed VOA, it shows that the MMI structure have the smallest power consumption; 7.8mW [8] compared with other type of VOA structure. Obviously, the MMI structure is a good candidate for VOA design.For MMI-VOA structure, there two types of VOA that have been develop previously which are; a combination of two MMI structure to be operate as MZI-VOA [9] and single MMI-VOA [10]. In the MZI-VOA, the structure is composed of an MMI power splitter with single inputs and re-combined with double output to the other MMI combiner with single output. The active region (induced by electro or thermo effect) is located at the phase shift arms and used to change the relative phases among the arms, which can realize the attenuation function [11]. Concurrently, a single coupler of MMI-VOA is realized through refractive index modulation. The refractive index modulation leads to the variation of the imaging intensity within the MMI region. As a result, the output images can be attenuated which further realize the attenuation function.

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“…13 As a result of self-images, the possibility of achieving a crossover of strip guides, a simple 3-dB directional coupler, and a filter ͑separating two wavelengths͒ was demonstrated by Ulrich and Ankele, 14 but only since the early 1990s has the concept been studied in more detail. Key papers written by Soldano, Penning, et al 4,6,15 analyzed the mathematics of the self-imaging phenomenon by calculating the coupling coefficients and predicting where multiple images can be found.…”

Section: Multimode Interference Switchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimode interference photonic switches

Al-hetar

¹

,

Supa’at

²

,

Mohammad

³

et al. 2008

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Abstract. Photonic switches are becoming key components in advanced optical networks due to their various applications in optical communication. One of the key advantages of photonic switches is the fact that they redirect or convert light without any optical to electronic conversions and vice versa. As one type of optical switch, multimode interference ͑MMI͒ switches have received more attention in recent years due to their significant role. The structure and operation principle of various types of MMI switches are introduced, and the recent progresses of MMI switches are also discussed.

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Image formation using self-imaging techniques*

Cited by 295 publications

References 11 publications

Crosstalk Improvement of Polymer in Glass Thermo-Optical Multimode Interference Switch

Crosstalk Improvement of Polymer in Glass Thermo-Optical Multimode Interference Switch

Crosstalk Improvement of Polymer in Glass Thermo-Optical Multimode Interference Switch

Multimode interference photonic switches

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