Image enhancing drugs: A narrative review on the motivational risk factors influencing skin lightening use

Hubungan Pengetahuan Dengan Pemilihan Skincare Pada Remaja Putri Di SMPN 1 Awangpone

“…Produk krim pencerah biasanya mengandung hidrokuinon, merkuri dan timbal yang berbahaya bagi Kesehatan. 6,7 Penelitian terdahulu, melakukan evaluasi kandungan merkuri dan arsenic pada 15 krim pencerah yang umum digunakan di daerah Trinidad dan Tobago, Karibia. Telah ditemukan bahwa penggunaan skin care berbahaya berupa krim pencerah yang mengandung merkuri dan arsenic di wilayah Karibia sangat tinggi, bukan hanya digunakan oleh perempuan tetapi juga laki-laki dan masih diperjualbelikan secara bebas.…”

Effect of body image perception and skin-lightening practices on mental health of Filipino emerging adults: a mixed-methods approach protocol

“…However, it has been recently observed that SLPs use is significantly associated with body image disturbances and previous exposure to trauma. [29][30][31] Research focused on skin-lightening practices also identified psychological correlates among Asian and African populations. There are related psychological problems that have been highlighted and are categorised as (1) self-esteemrelated factors, 14 26 32 (2) body image-related factors 14 33 34 and (3) other potential psychological factors, such as the history of trauma and depressive symptoms.…”

“…[79][80][81] The total score will be summed up in which higher scores indicate more negative experiences in the past week. For descriptive analysis, the total depression subscale will be divided into normal (0-9), mild depression (10-12), moderate depression (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), severe depression (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27) and extremely severe depression symptoms (28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42). In addition, the total anxiety subscale score will be divided into normal (0-6), mild anxiety (7-9), moderate anxiety (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), severe anxiety (15)(16)(17)(18)(19) and extremely severe anxiety symptoms .…”

“…In addition, the total anxiety subscale score will be divided into normal (0-6), mild anxiety (7-9), moderate anxiety (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), severe anxiety (15)(16)(17)(18)(19) and extremely severe anxiety symptoms . Moreover, the total stress subscale score will be divided into normal (0-10), mild stress (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18), moderate stress (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26), severe stress (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34) and extremely severe stress (35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42). 82…”

“…Studies examining the association between using SLPs and mental health problems are a relatively new field of study. However, it has been recently observed that SLPs use is significantly associated with body image disturbances and previous exposure to trauma 29–31. Research focused on skin-lightening practices also identified psychological correlates among Asian and African populations.…”