Image enhancement for the visually impaired: the effects of enhancement on face recognition

Peli, Eli; Lee, Estella; Trempe, Clement L.; Buzney, Sheldon M.

doi:10.1364/josaa.11.001929

Cited by 105 publications

(100 citation statements)

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“…In particular, Peli et al studied the visually impaired individuals' recognition of faces [2]. Everingham et al [3] used a technique to identify objects in images and colour these using saturated colours.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What Do Low-Vision Users Really Want from Smart Glasses? Faces, Text and Perhaps No Glasses at All

Sandnes

2016

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Abstract. Recent advances in low cost wearable computers opens up new possibilities for the development of innovative visual aids. A head-mounted display with cameras that capture views of the physical world, a wearable computer can process the image and present an augmented view to the user. Although, some research is reported into the development of such visual prosthetics the functionalities often appear ad-hoc. This study set out to identify what functionality visually impaired users need in various contexts to reduce barriers. Information was gathered via interviews of visually impaired individuals. The results show that recognizing faces and text is the most important functions while the idea of smart glasses where questioned.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Challenges with social interaction and recognizing faces were also identified by Cimarolli et al [16] and the mechanisms of recognizing faces has been addressed in the early work by Peli et al [2]. Beyond that, the research into face recognition aids is limited.…”

Section: Recognizing Facesmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Do Low-Vision Users Really Want from Smart Glasses? Faces, Text and Perhaps No Glasses at All

Sandnes

2016

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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“…The presence of non-geometric features could hinder learning if they are hard to identify or are treated as visual clutter rather than useful information. The idea of contrast enhancement for low vision is incorporated into closed-circuit TV (CCTV) magnifiers (Lund & Watson, 1997) and has been explored in image-enhancement algorithms for face recognition (Peli, Lee, Trempe, & Buzney, 1994) and TV images (Peli, 2005).A practical goal of this experiment was to assess the potential utility of virtual visual displays as navigation aids for low vision. Blind individuals can use tactile maps (Holmes, et al, 1996) and verbal descriptions of layout geometry (Giudice, 2004;Giudice, Bakdash, & Legge, 2007) to learn a layout before visiting it.…”

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confidence: 99%

Learning Building Layouts with Non-Geometric Visual Information: The Effects of Visual Impairment and Age

2008

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Previous studies suggest that humans rely on geometric visual information (hallway structure) rather than non-geometric visual information (e.g., doors, signs and lighting) for acquiring cognitive maps of novel indoor layouts. This study asked whether visual impairment and age affect reliance on nongeometric visual information for layout learning. We tested three groups of participants-younger (< 50 years) normally sighted, older (50-70 years) normally sighted, and low vision (people with heterogeneous forms of visual impairment ranging in age from 18-67). Participants learned target locations in building layouts using four presentation modes: a desktop virtual environment (VE) displaying only geometric cues (Sparse VE), a VE displaying both geometric and non-geometric cues (Photorealistic VE), a Map, and a Real building. Layout knowledge was assessed by map drawing and by asking participants to walk to specified targets in the real space. Results indicate that low-vision and older normally-sighted participants relied on additional non-geometric information to accurately learn layouts. In conclusion, visual impairment and age may result in reduced perceptual and/or memory processing that makes it difficult to learn layouts without non-geometric visual information.Keywords spatial navigation; wayfinding; visual impairment; low vision; aging; virtual environments; geometric visual information; cognitive maps; landmarks; environmental learning A typical building contains abundant visual features for aiding navigation, from geometric cues about the structural layout of the floor plan to cues unrelated to the layout geometry such as the presence of objects (e.g., pictures, water fountains) and image characteristics (e.g., textures, color and lighting). The current study addresses how two important participant characteristics, visual impairment and age, influence the types of visual information needed for developing an accurate mental representation of a novel virtual environment (VE). First, we ask whether rendering of purely geometrical information is sufficient for navigation in virtual buildings with visual impairment, and whether the addition of non-geometric visual features helps or hinders. Second, because the prevalence of visual impairment is much higher in old age, we ask whether age influences the use of geometric and non-geometric visual information.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Amy A. Kalia, University of Minnesota Twin-Cities, Department of Psychology, N218 Elliott Hall, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455. Email: kali0080@umn.edu. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptPerception. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 October 1. Published in final edited form as:Perception. 2008 ; 37(11): 1677-1699. doi:10.1068/p5915. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript Geometric and Non-geometric CuesIn this study, geometric cues refer to the spatial configuration of hallways, specifically their length and intersection connectivity. In F...

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“…Image resolution has been shown to be very important in other kinds of displays, such as those featuring shape from shading. Studies using blocking or low-pass filtering have shown that face identification using shape from shading can be disrupted or may even be impossible when the resolution is below a certain limit (Costen, Parker, & Craw, 1994, 1996Harmon, 1973;Peli, Lee, Trempe, & Buzney, 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

Recognizing faces defined by texture gradients

Liu

Collin

Farivar

et al. 2005

Perception & Psychophysics

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Texture gradients can reveal surface orientation in a manner similar to shape from shading, and therefore provide an important cue for object recognition. In this study, we tested whether a complex 3-D object, such as a face, can be identified from texture gradients alone. The stimuli were laserscanned faces for which the texture element was a fractal-noise pattern mapped onto the 3-D surface. An eight-alternative forced choice task was used in which participants matched a face defined by texture gradients to one of eight faces defined by shape from shading (Experiment 1) or by texture gradients (Experiment 2). On average, participants scored 24% and 18%, respectively, above chance in these experiments. Although this performance was much poorer than the performance based entirely on shape-from-shading stimuli (Experiment 3), the results suggest that texture gradient information may be used to recover surface geometry of complex objects.

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Image enhancement for the visually impaired: the effects of enhancement on face recognition

Cited by 105 publications

References 10 publications

What Do Low-Vision Users Really Want from Smart Glasses? Faces, Text and Perhaps No Glasses at All

What Do Low-Vision Users Really Want from Smart Glasses? Faces, Text and Perhaps No Glasses at All

Learning Building Layouts with Non-Geometric Visual Information: The Effects of Visual Impairment and Age

Recognizing faces defined by texture gradients

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