“…Generally, the architecture of DCNN models comprises a large number of layers, including convolutional, pooling, dropout, fully connected layers, and so forth. AlexNet and GoogLeNet are the two most effective CNN frameworks that are widely used to address the problems of image classification (Hulstaert, 2018;Krizhevsky et al, 2012;Maeda-Gutiérrez et al, 2020;Ngo et al, 2021;Oğuz & Yağanoğlu, 2022).…”