Image Construction in Politics: Political Advertisement in the 2009 Indonesian Election

Political radio and television advertisements in a young democracy: the 2009 South African national election campaign

“…Although there are frequent references in literature to images as opposed to issues, and/or to logic as opposed to emotion, definitions of these concepts differ. It seems as if the majority of literature defines image in the context of the image of the candidate and not in the context of emotional messages in general (see Holtz‐Bacha, :98; Prasetyawan, :317). However, given the South African context of a party‐voting system, for purposes of this article, emotional messages will be defined as messages referring to the personality or image of the party or party leader(s) and the use of emotional appeals, including negative messages.…”

Media as the Battleground for Politics: The Relation Between Politicians and Media Barons in Indonesian Politics

“…From the political perspective, it seems that the media owners have tried to secure their political position for their own interests (Inglis, 2013, p. 15). Regarding that most media owners in Indonesia are also politicians or at least affiliated to certain political parties, this phenomenon could be seen as a marriage between media and political power (Prasetyawan, 2012), when the politicians and the media barons accumulate their powers to dominate the system. This essay would try to examine the relationship between media ownership and its subjectivity in politics, in the sense of how the so-called media power or 'symbolic power' exercises its influence to intervene political circumstances.…”