Image-based planning and clinical validation of zygoma and pterygoid implant placement in patients with severe bone atrophy using customized drill guides. Preliminary results from a prospective clinical follow-up study

Zygoma implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation after partial maxillectomy using surgical navigation: A clinical report

“…36 Since then several reports have been published on the clinical performance of zygoma implants. 28,29,31,35,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] The 2 primary indications for the use of zygoma implants are atrophic edentulous maxillae and defects after maxillary resection. 28,29,40 Zygoma implants are generally placed at a 30 to 60-degree angle relative to the occlusal plane.…”

“…In the edentulous maxilla a "Quad" approach is recommended, supporting a denture with at least 2 implants in the anterior maxilla in conjunction with one zygoma implant on each side. 37,38,41,46 However, unilateral anatomic conditions unique to the maxillary defect patient might allow the placement of only 1 zygoma implant in combination with 2 to 6 conventional implants, which was reported to be successful. 40 In the presented situation, it was assumed that the stability of the remaining dentition on the non-defect side is equivalent to what could be achieved with 2 conventional implants and 1 zygoma implant.…”

“…28, 29, 31, 35, 37-39, 41, 43, 44, 46 The surgical procedure can be simplified and facilitated by making use of computerassisted planning and surgery. 33,42,44,46 A computer-based transfer of preplanned positioning can be achieved by using drilling guides. 33,42,44,46 However when applying this technique the precision depends largely on the ability to position the drill guide accurately on the underlying tissue 46 .…”

“…33,42,44,46 A computer-based transfer of preplanned positioning can be achieved by using drilling guides. 33,42,44,46 However when applying this technique the precision depends largely on the ability to position the drill guide accurately on the underlying tissue 46 . In contrast to the approach with drilling-templates, a computer-aided surgical navigation approach offers constant intraoperative visualization of the tip of the drilling bur.…”

“…With this specific design these implants have been successfully used to support prostheses in the atrophic edentulous maxilla, [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] as well as in patients which have undergone maxillectomy. 28,35,40,47 This clinical report demonstrates the use of a zygoma implant to improve stability and retention of a telescopic-crown retained [48][49][50][51] obturator prosthesis and highlights the benefits of computer-supported navigation when placing such an implant.…”