Image and video coding-emerging standards and beyond

Abstract

In this paper, we make a short foray through coding standards for still images and motion video. We first briefly discuss standards already in use, including: Group 3 and Group 4 for bilevel fax images; JPEG for still color images; and H.261, H.263, MPEG-1, and MPEG-2 for motion video. We then cover newly emerging standards such as JBIG1 and JBIG2 for bilevel fax images, JPEG-2000 for still color images, and H.263+ and MPEG-4 for motion video. Finally, we describe some directions currently beyond the standards such as hybrid coding of graphics/photo images, MPEG-7 for multimedia metadata, and possible new technologies.

Improved wavelet-based watermarking through pixel-wise masking

“…A widely used technique exhibiting a strong similarity to the way the HVS processes images is the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). As a matter of fact, the next-generation image coding standard JPEG2000 [7], [8] will strongly rely on DWT for obtaining good quality images at low coding rates.…”

Simplified Block Matching Algorithm for Fast Motion Estimation in Video Compression

“…The motion vector describes the location of the matching block from the previous frame with reference to the position of the target block in the current frame. Distortion between the current block and reference block of previous frames are normally measured by Mean Squared Error (MSE) [24] or Mean Absolute Difference (MAD). Out of these, MAD is efficient best measure due to its computation, which does not require multiplication.…”

Turbo-detected unequal protection MPEG-4 wireless video telephony using trellis coded modulation and space-time trellis coding

“…MPEG-4 integrates different types of multimedia services by the introduction of a so-called objectbased approach for the description and coding of multimedia contents. The key functionalities of MPEG-4 include independent coding of objects in a video frame, the ability to interactively embed these video objects into a scene shown on the screen, the transmission of 3D scene descriptions, quality versus bitrate based temporal and spatial scalability and improved error resilience [3].…”

“…MPEG-4 integrates different types of multimedia services by the introduction of a so-called objectbased approach for the description and coding of multimedia contents. The key functionalities of MPEG-4 include independent coding of objects in a video frame, the ability to interactively embed these video objects into a scene shown on the screen, the transmission of 3D scene descriptions, quality versus bitrate based temporal and spatial scalability and improved error resilience [3].As the MPEG-4 standard targets a broader range of different applications and bitrates than the previously defined hybrid video coding standards such as MPEG-1, 2 or H.263, it employs a higher variety of different algorithms and coding modes. In the MPEG-4 coding algorithm a scene consists of one or more audio-visual objects potentially generated from multiple sources.…”