Image and motor behavior for monitoring tumor growth in C6 glioma model

Abstract

The primary objective of this study is to monitor tumor growth by using image techniques and behavioral testing through general and specific motor activities (spontaneous movements and gait). Our sample includes male Wistar rats, 2 months old and weighing 250–300 g, that is categorized into three groups: control, sham, and experimental. The experimental group was anesthetized; the C6 cells with luciferase expression that were suspended in a culture medium were implanted into the right frontoparietal cortex of the rats. The sham group received implant only with culture medium without cells. Images and behavioral tests were evaluated at base time and at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after induced tumor growth analysis. The tumor volume measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and quantitative bioluminescence imaging (BLI) signal showed a correlation coefficient of r = 0.96. The MRI showed that the mean tumor volume increased by approximately 10, 26, and 49 times according to a comparison of tumor volume on the seventh day with 14, 21, and 28 days, respectively. The quantification of the BLI signal was (4.12 ± 2.01) x 108, (8.33 ± 3.12) x 108, (28.43 ± 6.32) x 108, and (63.02 ± 10.53) x 108 photons/s at the seventh, fourteenth, twenty-first, and twenty-eighth day, respectively. After 14 days of tumor induction, both behavioral tests showed significant differences between tumor and sham or control groups. Our study showed a high correlation between MRI and BLI for tumor growth monitoring with complement aspects analysis in tumor volume. In addition, functional behavioral analysis displayed sensitivity to monitor tumor growth, as well as to detect early significant changes between groups, primarily in the tumor group. The results of gait analysis were more sensitive than general motor analysis.

Therapeutic Efficiency of Multiple Applications of Magnetic Hyperthermia Technique in Glioblastoma Using Aminosilane Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: In Vitro and In Vivo Study

“…The motor behavior assessment for the tumor growth analysis and the MHT therapeutic effect was correlated to the BLI and PET results, mainly in the late phase of the MHT evaluation. The F-MOV, S-MOV, F-REA, and S-REA frequencies in tumoral control group showed continuous regression due to the motor impairment related to the tumor evolution, corroborating our group previous study that delineated impairment of motor pattern in GBM tumor model at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after tumor induction using C6 cells [53]. The animals' behavior promoted by MHT therapeutic was assessed after each MHT application leading to a discrete improvement of movement frequency, but this occurred mainly after the first and second MHT application and was not maintained constantly, only after the third MHT application the animals' behavior improvement was evidenced.…”

“…When necessary these cells were tripsinized using 0.25% Trypsin-EDTA solution (GIBCO ® Invitrogen Corporation, CA, USA). Aiming to evaluate the therapeutic process using the BLI technique, the C6 cells were transduced with luciferase lentiviral vector using an already established protocol [53].…”

“…The imaging techniques most used are: bioluminescence (BLI) [40][41][42][43], near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) [44], magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [45,46], positron emission tomography (PET) [47][48][49], single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) [50], magnetic particle imaging (MPI) [51], computed tomography (CT) [52], and behavioral assessment [53,54], which also has been indicate as tools for functional preclinical evaluations of longitudinal processes [40][41][42][43][47][48][49].…”

“…Few studies evaluated spontaneous locomotion activity as a great potential for tumor progress analysis and the effects of different therapeutic modalities in liver tumor [65] and GBM models [54]. Recently, our group has developed a study on behavioral patterns regarding the progression of intracerebral C6-induced GBM model and its effect on locomotor movements [53], this last study was used as a comparative parameter for the therapy approached in the present study.…”

Triple-modal imaging of stem-cells labeled with multimodal nanoparticles, applied in a stroke model

“…For virion production, human embryonic kidney 293FT cells grown at 80% confluence in 150 mm Petri dishes (about 20 million cells/dish) were simultaneously transfected with 30 µg/dish of the vector pMSCV-Luc2-T2A-Puro along with two other helper vectors: 20 µg/dish of pCMV-dr8.91 and 10 µg/dish of pMD2.G. Transfection was conducted with 25-kDa linear polyethylenimine (PEI, Alfa Ansar) as previously reported[17]. Two days after transfection, the viral supernatant was collected and filtered through 0.45 µm polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) filters and concentrated by ultracentrifugation.…”