Image Analysis of Surface Porosity Mortar Containing Processed Spent Bleaching Earth

Chong, Beng Wei; Othman, Rokiah; Jaya, Ramadhansyah Putra; Doh, Shu Ing; Li, Xiaofeng; Ibrahim, Mohd Haziman Wan; Abdullah, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri; Sandu, Andrei Victor; Płoszaj, Bartosz; Szmidla, Janusz; Stachowiak, Tomasz

doi:10.3390/ma14071658

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…However, the method used to design normal concrete mix cannot be used for designing a FC mix since it contains no coarse aggregate [ 37 ]. The foamed concrete mix design is commonly determined based on a trial and error approach [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. The design of the experiment based on empirical or computational modelling [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ] and statistical methods approaches have been implemented to analyze multifactor experiments and the model used in the prediction of compressive strength of foamed concrete with minimal mean square errors and standard deviation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation between Density and Compressive Strength of Foamed Concrete

et al. 2021

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This study aims to obtain the relationship between density and compressive strength of foamed concrete. Foamed concrete is a preferred building material due to the low density of its concrete. In foamed concrete, the compressive strength reduces with decreasing density. Generally, a denser foamed concrete produces higher compressive strength and lower volume of voids. In the present study, the tests were carried out in stages in order to investigate the effect of sand–cement ratio, water to cement ratio, foam dosage, and dilution ratio on workability, density, and compressive strength of the control foamed concrete specimen. Next, the test obtained the optimum content of processed spent bleaching earth (PSBE) as partial cement replacement in the foamed concrete. Based on the experimental results, the use of 1:1.5 cement to sand ratio for the mortar mix specified the best performance for density, workability, and 28-day compressive strength. Increasing the sand to cement ratio increased the density and compressive strength of the mortar specimen. In addition, in the production of control foamed concrete, increasing the foam dosage reduced the density and compressive strength of the control specimen. Similarly with the dilution ratio, the compressive strength of the control foamed concrete decreased with an increasing dilution ratio. The employment of PSBE significantly influenced the density and compressive strength of the foamed concrete. An increase in the percentage of PSBE reduced the density of the foamed concrete. The compressive strength of the foamed concrete that incorporated PSBE increased with increasing PSBE content up to 30% PSBE. In conclusion, the compressive strength of foamed concrete depends on its density. It was revealed that the use of 30% PSBE as a replacement for cement meets the desired density of 1600 kg/m3, with stability and consistency in workability, and it increases the compressive strength dramatically from 10 to 23 MPa as compared to the control specimen. Thus, it demonstrated that the positive effect of incorporation of PSBE in foamed concrete is linked to the pozzolanic effect whereby more calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) produces denser foamed concrete, which leads to higher strength, and it is less pore connected. In addition, the regression analysis shows strong correlation between density and compressive strength of the foamed concrete due to the R2 being closer to one. Thus, production of foamed concrete incorporating 30% PSBE might have potential for sustainable building materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation between Density and Compressive Strength of Foamed Concrete

et al. 2021

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“…In recent years, numerous studies have been reported giving application examples of non-destructive testing techniques when detecting and locating anomalies in concrete [8]. Non-destructive testing is the testing of materials, for surface or internal flaws or metallurgical conditions, without interfering in any way with the integrity of the material or its suitability for service [9].…”

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Porosity Analytical Tool Based on Infrared (IR) Images of Concrete

Gilbert¹,

Kusbiantoro²,

Ismail³

2022

JAITA

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Images analysis techniques are gaining popularity in the studies of civil engineering technology. However, the current image analysis methods often require advanced machinery and strict image acquisition procedures, which may be challenging in actual construction practices. Therefore, this study develops a simplified image analysis technique that uses the FLIR ONE infrared camera to capture the concrete surface compatible with the Infrared (IR) concrete images. The infrared image is then converted into contour plot images using MATLAB software and analysed using AutoCAD to determine the thermal colour's diameter on the infrared images. This study focuses on the white and yellow colours. The yellow thermal colour is the outer of the Thermal Diameter Reduction (TDR) rate of concrete, while the white thermal colour is the inner due to the highest temperature. However, to determine the accuracy of the MATLAB image processing, additional image editing is performed by utilising image exposure editing in conjunction with AutoCAD. The result from MATLAB was then gathered and compared to the image exposure editing to find the correlation between porosity, compressive strength and TDR rate of concrete. Experimental results showed that porosity affected the TDR rate with reliable accuracy of 90.00 %, compressive strength 70.00 %, and concrete density 60.00 %. The result analysis shows that concrete with high characteristic strength is in a less porous state, which means it is denser and transfers heat slowly to the surface, thus making the TDR rate value of the concrete minimum.

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