Image analysis of skin color heterogeneity focusing on skin chromophores and the age‐related changes in facial skin

Kikuchi, Kumiko; Masuda, Yuji; Yamashita, T.; Kawai, Eriko; Hirao, Tetsuji

doi:10.1111/srt.12174

Cited by 31 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Both, skin transparency and brown spots indicate a rapid change in the early 30s and the late 50s. The reports have described heterogeneity of the superficial skin color being dependent upon the size of pigmented spots and the hemoglobin content of the skin; however, age‐related heterogeneous changes within the epidermal layers have not been reported. These results suggest that the characteristics of age‐related skin color change differ between the upper and lower epidermal layers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age‐related biophysical changes of the epidermal and dermal skin in Korean women

Cho

Cho²,

Kim³

et al. 2019

Skin Research and Technology

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Introduction The clinical characteristics of skin were investigated to study the inter‐relationship and changes in the biophysical properties of the epidermal and dermal layers associated with aging using noninvasive methods. Methods Our study included 100 healthy women aged between the early 20s and late 60s. Biophysical characteristics of skin such as color (brightness and spots), transparency, wrinkle on crow's feet, elasticity, hydration, sebum content, glossiness, and transepidermal water loss measured under controlled conditions. Results This study performed in a Korean population demonstrated that aging significantly affects human skin in terms of parameters such as wrinkles, skin color, elasticity, and epidermal hydration. Age‐related changes in skin hydration showed varying patterns between the epidermis and dermis. Skin color showed heterogeneous characteristics between the upper and lower epidermal layers associated with aging. Skin elasticity and wrinkles were observed to show and inversely proportional relationship in the early 40s. Conclusions We confirmed the significant influence of aging on the biophysical properties of skin and determined the distinct age‐related biophysical changes in the epidermal and dermal layers of skin using noninvasive method. This study indicates the need for further research to investigate the distinctive age‐related changes in characteristics of the epidermal and dermal layers of human skin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reports have described skin color heterogeneity as an age‐related change. Skin color heterogeneity results from the distribution of erythema and pigmentation and is more pronounced with aging . Kikuchi et al have revealed that the heterogeneity index of the melanin and hemoglobin on the skin surface increases with age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age‐related biophysical changes of the epidermal and dermal skin in Korean women

Cho

Cho²,

Kim³

et al. 2019

Skin Research and Technology

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“…Elderly skin demonstrates age‐related changes, such as topographic effacement, deeper wrinkles, cosmetically unappealing skin color, alterations in the amount and integrity of dermal elastic tissue, elastosis, and cellular atypia (Kikuchi, Masuda, Yamashita, Kawai, & Hirao, ; Kikuchi et al, ; Warren et al, ; Zou, Song, & Jin, ). These age‐related alterations are the consequences of the intrinsic biologic clock and extrinsic aging effects, predominantly influenced by actinic damage (Bazin & Leveque, ; Warren et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Age‐related skin color changes occur through geographical distribution changes in erythema and pigmentation, influenced by diverse physical, chemical, and biological stimulation (Kikuchi et al, ). These age‐associated color changes are regarded as important cosmetic problems by many people and are considered to be fundamental to the advancement of dermatologic therapies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Age‐associated skin color changes may be studied using colorimetric analyses using the CIE L * a * b * system (Kikuchi et al, ; de Rigal et al, ; Kim et al, ); our previous studies reported a significant correlation between colorimetric values and age (Kim et al, ). However, the extant literature does not document a correlation between skin color modifications and histologic findings, according to individual age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between skin color and solar elastosis in aged Asian skin: A colorimetric–pathologic correlation

Kim

Oh²,

Kwon

et al. 2017

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Aged skin is reported to be associated with unattractive skin color changes and solar elastosis. However, comparative studies have not documented the possible correlation between the two factors. This study investigated the plausible relationship between the facial skin color of elderly Asians and solar elastosis. A total of 22 skin specimens were collected from 22 Korean patients who underwent cheek skin biopsies. Skin color was quantitatively measured using colorimetric photography techniques to produce CIE L*a*b* values; the degree of solar elastosis was quantifiably assessed using a histologic grading scale. These values were used to investigate a correlation between the CIE L*a*b* coordinates and solar elastosis grade. The solar elastosis grade increased according to patient age (r = 0.67, p = .0006). However, the extent of solar elastosis was not statistically correlated with the CIE L*a*b* values, including L*, a*, and b* (r = 0.02, p = .95; r = 0.15, p = 0.50; r = -0.07, p = 0.76, respectively). The results showed that the solar elastosis grade increased, according to patient age, because of cumulative actinic damage. However, colorimetric skin color data did not correlate with the degree of solar elastosis. Therefore, cutaneous color changes and solar elastosis are separate, age-related phenomena. Physicians should be aware of the possible histologic changes in actinically damaged facial skin, regardless of the skin color.

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An investigation into the variability of skin colour measurements

Wang

Xiao

Luo

et al. 2018

Color Research & Application

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This study aimed to investigate the variability of skin colour measurements for two kinds of extensively used instruments, telespectroradiometers (TSR) and spectrophotometers. A Konica Minolta CM700d spectrophotometer and a PhotoResearch PR650 telespectroradiometer were used to measure the forehead and the cheekbone of 11 subjects. The variability was evaluated using different measurement parameters including measurement aperture size and pressure on the facial locations for the spectrophotometer, and measurement distance for the telespectroradiometer. The mean colour difference from the mean was used to define the short‐term repeatability; the CIELAB colour difference and colour appearance changes in each perceptual CIELAB attribute between each of two instrument settings were used to evaluate the inter‐instrument agreement. The results show that, for the TSR, different measurement distances have identical repeatability but the colour shifts were significant; for the spectrophotometer, the large aperture size of the target masks gave the most repeatable results and the aperture size had more influence on the colour shifts than the measurement pressure. In addition, to investigate the effect of ethnicity and body location on measurement variability, skin colours from additional 151 subjects were measured. The differences between the measurements for different body locations were, in general, larger than the instrument repeatability and the inter‐instrument agreement.

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Image analysis of skin color heterogeneity focusing on skin chromophores and the age‐related changes in facial skin

Cited by 31 publications

References 30 publications

Age‐related biophysical changes of the epidermal and dermal skin in Korean women

Age‐related biophysical changes of the epidermal and dermal skin in Korean women

Relationship between skin color and solar elastosis in aged Asian skin: A colorimetric–pathologic correlation

An investigation into the variability of skin colour measurements

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