Image Acquisition and Image Processing Algorithms for Movement Analysis of Bearing Cages

Abele, Eberhard; Holland, Lars; Nehrbass, Alexander

doi:10.1115/1.4031792

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…From Table 6, it can be indicated that the increasing moments of the bearing can bring trajectories of the cage mass center from regular to irregular until exhibits an dysfunction patterns in the high value of moment, and also make the whirl radii of the cage motion smaller, which is consistent with the theoretical findings in Abele et al 18 As is known that the moments can tilt the bearing and raise uneven loads of its balls, the cage is heavily squeezed onto the guide ring. Meanwhile, the increment of moments can bring out more complicated and higher variation of contact forces due to the collisions between cage and balls, which is similar to the effect of the radial loads.…”

Section: Different Moments Of the Bearingsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Experimental investigation of cage motions in an angular contact ball bearing

Wen

Ren

Zhang

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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The commonly known effects of both the rotating speeds and external loads on the bearing dynamics or life behaviors are mostly caused by its cage dynamics, because of the complicated contact and collision interactions between the cage and other parts such as the inner or outer rings and balls. In this paper, experimental investigation of dynamic motions of a cage is carried out under various rotating speeds and external loads in a ball bearing. On a bearing test rig, the cage motions in axial and radial directions are measured by use of eddy transducers installed inside the bearing house and the subpanel. Then the measured results are analyzed by fast Fourier transform and compared at different operating conditions including rotating speeds, axial and radial forces, or moments. The three-dimensional space motions of the cage are also constructed to illustrate its different modes. Results reveal that the cage motions are typically periodic in the three directions. The motion frequencies consist of the cage rotating frequency and its multi-frequency, the inner ring rotating frequency, and also some combination frequencies of the cage and inner ring. The obtained characteristic frequencies of the cage motion in axial are similar to that in radial, but different in the variety of amplitudes under the same operating conditions. The increment of rotating speeds and axial loads of the bearing gradually make the whirl trajectories of the cage mass center regular, and enlarge its whirl radii. Instead, the whirl trajectories change from well-defined patterns to complicated ones, and its whirl radii decrease on increasing the radial loads and moments of the bearing. All the obtained experimental results are useful references for dynamic design and life prediction of high-speed and low-load bearings commonly used in many machines.

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Section: Different Moments Of the Bearingsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In measurement technologies, Huang 17 proposed to record the cage motions in horizontal and vertical directions by using of two laser sensors, and described the orbits of mass center of the cage in planarity. Abele et al 18 presented two image evaluation algorithms and verified their suitability by experiments on a bearing test rig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of cage motions in an angular contact ball bearing

Wen

Ren

Zhang

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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“…Stacke and Fritzson 22 measured motions and the forces of the cage to confirm the results simulated by the bearing simulation tool called BEAST. Image algorithms presented by Abele et al 23 and Yang et al 24 were used to capture the cage whirl motion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Image algorithms presented by Abele et al. 23 and Yang et al. 24 were used to capture the cage whirl motion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of cage motions affected by its unbalance in a ball bearing

Han

Wen

Wang

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K:

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Cage rotating and whirling inside rolling bearings involve conical motion and easily lead to excessive wear if the cage exists unexpected unbalances. In this study, the cage motions affected by its unbalance in a ball bearing are investigated analytically and experimentally, which helps to understand the bearing dynamics and cage wear. Firstly, a dynamic model of angular contact ball bearing with the unbalanced cage is established to simulate the cage motions as a function of typical cage unbalances over a range of operating speeds. Then, an experimental approach is proposed to measure the spatial motions of the cage with various prescriptive unbalances on a test rig. Finally, the trajectories, waveforms, and spectra of cage motions are constructed and compared to elucidate its diversified patterns under various cage unbalances. The experimental observations of the cage motions agree well with the theoretical predictions and reveal that the whirl motions of cage are evidently affected by its unbalances. The increment of cage unbalance mass makes the trajectories of cage center more regular and enlarges the whirl radii. It is also observed that the amplitudes of the axial and radial motions of the cage, particularly corresponding cage rotating frequency and the wear extent of the cage guiding surface increase with the increment of cage unbalance.

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“…In measuring the velocity of the slip preventing gear he determines the speed of the cage and the rolling elements indirectly. Abele 23 and Yang 24 abstain from changing the components of the bearing and use a high-speed camera and image processing algorithms to investigate the movement of the bearing cage but still provide no information about the rolling elements. Reithmeier et al 25 developed an optomechanical image derotator, which Mirzaei 26 applied in combination with a high-speed camera to measure slip of the cage and rolling elements.…”

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confidence: 99%

Digital image processing algorithms for automated inspection of dynamic effects in roller bearings

2017

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Unstable movement in roller bearings like cage or roller slip can lead to damages or eventually even to an early break of the bearing. To prevent slip, inadequate operating states should be avoided. Therefore, it is necessary to study the dynamic behavior of the bearing. Unfortunately, there is only a limited range of measurement methods for the dynamic of bearing components. Two possible approaches are using solely a high-speed camera or the combination of an optomechanical image derotator and a high-speed camera. This work focuses on a proposal which is suitable for both. Initially, the influence of the rotational velocity in the images is eliminated. In the next step the measurement data is reduced to a region of interest which displays a particular rolling-element. A rolling element is equipped with a linear marker which, in the next stage, is segmented by a thresholding method to multiple regions. The region representing the marker is extracted from the background and the position is calculated by a Principle Component Analysis. Depending on the shift of the angular position and the lag time between two images, the rotational velocity of the rolling element is calculated. Thus, it is possible to determine whether the rolling element is operating under ideal conditions. In conclusion, it can be said that this approach enables a simple and flexible non-invasive method to depict the occurrence of roller slip in roller bearings.

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Image Acquisition and Image Processing Algorithms for Movement Analysis of Bearing Cages

Cited by 25 publications

References 13 publications

Experimental investigation of cage motions in an angular contact ball bearing

Experimental investigation of cage motions in an angular contact ball bearing

Investigation of cage motions affected by its unbalance in a ball bearing

Digital image processing algorithms for automated inspection of dynamic effects in roller bearings

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