“…Out of the 39 reviewed studies, 29 have focused on formal music learning, with instrumental music education (especially Western "art" music) receiving the most attention (e.g., Habibi et al, 2017). Yet, in the field of music education, informal learning has recently gained momentum (Wright, 2016), with much emphasis now being placed on the study of neglected practices like popular music (Green, 2006), community music (Higgins, 2012), and world music pedagogy (Campbell, 2016). Only one study in the critical review was found to center on instruments cultural traditions other than Western "art" music (e.g., the ukulele, see Schellenberg et al, 2015), along with two early childhood studies on play-based curricula (Brown et al, 2010;Linnavalli et al, 2018), and one program focused on songwriting (Van de Vyer et al, 2019).…”