Illustrations of Bessel Beams in s-Polarization, p-Polarization, Transverse Polarization, and Longitudinal Polarization

Abstract

The generation of Bessel beams (BBs) and their characterization in a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum are well established. The unique properties of BBs, including their non-diffracting and self-healing nature, make them efficient for use in material science and engineering technology. Here, I investigate the polarization components (s-polarization, p-polarization, transverse polarization, and longitudinal polarization) created in scalar BBs owing to their conical wave front. For emphasis, I provide a theoretical analysis to characterize potential experimental artifacts created in the four polarization components. Further, I provide a brief discussion on how to prevent these artifacts in scalar BBs. To my knowledge, for the first time, I can generate vector BBs in s-polarization and p-polarization via the superposition of two orthogonally polarized scalar BBs. This method of generation can provide the four well-known types of vector modes categorized in the V-point phase singularity vector modes. I suggest a suitable experimental configuration for realizing my theoretical results experimentally. The present analysis is very practical and beneficial for young researchers who seek to utilize BBs in light applications of modern science and technology.

A conceptual review on Bessel beams

“…Importantly, V-point polarization singular vector modes can bring into being in s-polarization and ppolarization by superposition of two identical BBs with the same order but orthogonally linear polarized [228]. Indeed, we can achieve all four types of vector modes that come under V-point polarization singular vector modes by providing the required phase delay between the two superposed Bessel modes.…”

“…The 3D polarization distribution created in BBs is prominent for large Bessel cone angles and it has multiple drawbacks in the applications. However, we can overcome this difficulty by using the superposition of two orthogonally linear polarized BBs [228] or by radially polarized BB [229].…”

“…Similarly, we can generate vector BB in s-polarization and ppolarization by the superposition of two identical orthogonally linear polarized BBs. The schematic diagram of vector BB generation in s-polarization and p-polarization is depicted in figure 41 [228]. The vector modes created in s-polarization and p-polarization cannot be detected directly by using conventional methods.…”

An Intriguing Interpretation of 1D and 2D Non-Diffracting Modes in Cosine Profile

“…In addition to scalar modes, we can also generate spatially varying polarization in Cosine beams, Bessel beams, and HG beams. While the polarization changes in the beam cross-section are in radial and azimuthal directions with cylindrical symmetry in the Bessel beams [39,40], in the case of the Cosine beam [41] and HG beam [42], these changes are in Cartesian coordinates with rectangular symmetry.…”